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2020, Número 6

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2020; 63 (6)


Efectos en la salud de los sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina (SEAN)

Ponciano-Rodrígueza G, Chávez CCA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 7-19
Archivo PDF: 754.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

Sin lugar a dudas, el tabaquismo continúa siendo la principal causa de enfermedad, discapacidad y muerte prematura a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el advenimiento de los nuevos sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina (SEAN), entre los que destaca el cigarrillo electrónico, ha tenido un crecimiento explosivo y en algunos países ha desplazado a los cigarrillos de tabaco, especialmente entre los jóvenes que se sienten atraídos por sus llamativos sabores y por el despliegue de tecnología que se utiliza en su diseño y funcionamiento.
Los SEAN surgieron inicialmente en 2003 como una supuesta ayuda para dejar de fumar, a 16 años de esta fecha no hay estudios clínicos que confirmen su superioridad sobre los medicamentos existentes para tal fin: terapias de reemplazo de nicotina, bupropión y vareniclina, ni sobre las terapias psicológicas como la racional emotiva y la cognitivo conductual.
Por el contrario, se han acumulado gran cantidad de evidencias sobre el efecto deletéreo que tienen sobre la salud de los consumidores, el riesgo que representan es indudable y esto se confirma por reportes recientes de Centros de Control de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (CDC) que señalan 2,172 casos hospitalizados con enfermedad pulmonar aguda y 42 muertes por esta causa, siendo el 79% personas menores de 35 años. Este brote de enfermedad pulmonar ha determinado que se plantee la prohibición de los SEAN en Estados Unidos.
Asimismo, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aprobó la venta de los cigarrillos híbridos o heets que utilizan tabaco calentado, los cuales ya están disponibles en nuestro país.
No cabe duda de que como profesionales del área de la salud nuestra obligación es informar con evidencias científicas sobre los riesgos que representan los SEAN para sus consumidores, asimismo debemos aprender de la historia del tabaquismo para poder prevenir la morbimortalidad asociada con estos nuevos productos del tabaco.


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