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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2020, Número 6

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Med Int Mex 2020; 36 (6)


Abordaje diagnóstico del paciente con deterioro cognitivo en el primer nivel de atención

Choreño-Parra JA, De la Rosa-Arredondo T, Guadarrama-Ortíz P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 807-824
Archivo PDF: 259.47 Kb.


RESUMEN

La demencia es un trastorno neurológico cada vez más frecuente en todo el mundo debido a la transición demográfica y epidemiológica por la que atraviesa la población. Este trastorno genera disminución de la capacidad funcional en los individuos afectados, lo que repercute en su independencia y calidad de vida. La enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia vascular son las principales causas de demencia; sin embargo, un amplio espectro de alteraciones neurológicas y sistémicas potencialmente reversibles también pueden estar relacionadas. El diagnóstico oportuno permite al paciente recibir un tratamiento que retrase o detenga la evolución de la enfermedad. El médico familiar juega un papel de especial importancia porque constituye el primer eslabón en la cadena de procedimientos dirigidos a confirmar la existencia del deterioro cognitivo, evaluar su gravedad y referir al paciente para que reciba un manejo especializado. Lo anterior revela la necesidad de que el médico familiar se encuentre bien informado respecto a las características clínicas y herramientas diagnósticas útiles en el abordaje del paciente con disminución de la función cognitiva. Por tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es proveer la información necesaria para facilitar ese proceso a través de una revisión de los aspectos clínicos más relevantes para el diagnóstico de las demencias en el primer nivel de atención.


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