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2020, Número 3

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Vet Mex 2020; 7 (3)


Epidemia de peste porcina africana: estado actual

Carrillo C

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 1-21
Archivo PDF: 329.13 Kb.


RESUMEN

La peste porcina africana es una infección viral no zoonótica que se transmite por contacto y por garrapatas. Su notificación debe ser inmediata y es obligatoria. Afecta a cerdos domésticos y silvestres con diversas manifestaciones clínicas. En cerdos domésticos y jabalíes, la presentación clínica es muy similar a la de peste porcina clásica (también conocida como cólera porcino), por lo que es imprescindible una correcta toma de muestras y un rápido envío al laboratorio para lograr un diagnóstico diferencial. Los ciclos de infección se presentan de dos formas: a) selvática, en la que el virus permanece en circulación durante largos períodos entre las garrapatas y los animales persistentemente infectados, y b) epidémica, que involucra a cerdos domésticos y jabalíes, pero raramente se encuentra en los vectores. Los principales signos son fiebre, letargia, y muerte súbita en casos sobreagudos. Si el animal resiste algunos días, se observan diarreas y vómitos con fuertes hemorragias y emaciación de la piel. Los casos más moderados dejan un cierto porcentaje de animales sobrevivientes que permanecen como transmisores de la enfermedad. También pueden existir portadores asintomáticos. No hay tratamiento ni vacunas, por lo que el control de la enfermedad se fundamenta en una detección rápida y en el sacrificio obligatorio de todos los individuos afectados y sospechosos de haber estado en contacto con el virus. La peste porcina africana es endémica en África, Europa del este, China y parte de Asia.


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