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2020, Número 5

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2020; 63 (5)


Las funciones metabólicas, endocrinas y reguladoras de la expresión genética del lactato

Matus-Ortega G, Romero-Aguilar L, Luqueño-Bocardo OI, Hernández-Morfín K, Guerra-Sánchez G, Matus-Ortega M, Martínez-Montes F, Pardo-Vázquez JP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 7-17
Archivo PDF: 2323.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

El lactato se considera un metabolito de desecho que se produce durante la fatiga muscular. En contraste con esta visión simplista, en este trabajo se proporcionan evidencias de las múltiples y complejas funciones de este metabolito. Se muestra que: 1) el lactato es el producto final de la glucólisis, independientemente de la concentración de oxígeno en el medio en el que se encuentren las células; 2) el lactato forma parte de 2 tipos de lanzadera, una que funciona en el espacio intermembranal de la mitocondria, y otra intercelular, que se encarga de alimentar con lactato a ciertos tipos celulares, como las neuronas o el músculo cardiaco; 3) en los espermatozoides, el lactato se transporta directamente a la matriz mitocondrial y allí se oxida para producir piruvato y NADH; 4) en el hígado, el lactato participa en la oxidación del etanol a través de la generación de peróxido de hidrógeno; 5) que dependiendo de la estirpe celular, el lactato puede funcionar como agente antiinflamatorio (endocrino) o regulador de la expresión génica.


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