medigraphic.com
ISSN 2007-6800 (Impreso)

2020, Número 2

<< Anterior

Rev Mex Traspl 2020; 9 (2)


Estado actual del manejo nutricional en pacientes con trasplante hepático

Cervantes-Pérez E, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Pérez LA, Cervantes-Pérez G, Cervantes-Cardona GA, Ramírez-Ochoa S, Martínez-Soto HMC, González-Ojeda A, Fuentes-Orozco C, Sosa-Pérez R, Ruiz-Gallardo JI, Villaseñor-Ochoa A, Robledo-Valdez M, Ramírez-Casale FI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 74-81
Archivo PDF: 272.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

La cirrosis hepática es una de las causas principales de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Es por eso la importancia de tomar conciencia acerca del manejo nutricional en cirrosis para, de esta manera, ayudar a mejorar los resultados, así como el pronóstico en esta población tan vulnerable. El manejo de la desnutrición antes, durante y después del evento quirúrgico continúa siendo un reto. El propósito de esta revisión es darle suporte al enfoque nutricional interdisciplinario en este tipo de pacientes. Los pacientes cirróticos se encuentran, por lo general, desnutridos previo al trasplante y se asocia a un pobre pronóstico. Aunque la relación entre el estado nutricional y la supervivencia antes y después de la cirugía está bien establecida, la prevalencia de desnutrición previo al trasplante sigue siendo muy alta. El diagnóstico del estado nutricional es el primer paso para pautar la terapia apropiada. Las recomendaciones y el manejo nutricional de pacientes con trasplante hepático incluyen alimentación adecuada y el uso de ciertos inmunonutrimentos (aminoácidos de cadena ramificada, pre- y probióticos). El aumento excesivo de peso, así como los trastornos metabólicos posterior al trasplante han sido descritos durante mucho tiempo y deben tomarse en cuenta para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Poordad FF. Presentation and complications associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015; 31: 925-937.

  2. Plauth M, Bernal W, Dasarathy S, Merli M, Plank LD, Schutz T et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38: 485-521.

  3. Ney M, Li S, Vandermeer B, Gramlich L, Ismond KP, Raman M et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: nutritional screening and assessment tools in cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2020; 40 (3): 664-673.

  4. O’Brien A, Williams R. Nutrition in end-stage liver disease, principles and practice. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134: 1729-1740.

  5. Mendenhall CL, Moritz TE, Roselle GA, Morgan TR, Nemchausky BA, Tamburro CH et al. A study of oral nutritional support with oxandrolone in malnourished patients with alcoholic hepatitis, results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative Study. Hepatology. 1993; 17: 564-576.

  6. Merli M, Giusto M, Gentili F, Novelli G, Ferretti G, Riggio O et al. Nutritional status, its impudence on the outcome of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2010; 30: 208-214.

  7. Stephenson GR, Moretti EW, El-Moalem H, Clavien PA, Tuttle-Newhall JE. Malnutrition in liver transplant patients, preoperative subjective global assessment is predictive of outcome after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2001; 72: 666-670.

  8. Kaido T, Mori A, Ogura Y, Ogawa K, Hata K, Yoshizawa A et al. Pre and perioperative factors affecting infection after living donor liver transplantation. Nutrition. 2012; 28: 1104-1108.

  9. Iida T, Kaido T, Yagi S, Yoshizawa A, Hata K, Mizumoto M et al. Posttransplant bacteremia in adult living donor liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 2010; 16: 1379-1385.

  10. Durczynski A, Strzelczyk J, Wojciechowska-Durczynska K, Borkowska A, Hogendorf P, Szymanski D et al. Major liver resection results in early exacerbation of insulin resistance, and may be a risk factor of developing overt diabetes in the future. Surg Today. 2013; 43: 534-538.

  11. Martin P, DiMartini A, Feng S, Brown R, Fallon M. Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Hepatology. 2014; 59: 1144-1165.

  12. Hammad A, Kaido T, Uemoto S. Perioperative nutritional therapy in liver transplantation. Surg Today. 2015; 45: 271-283.

  13. Ferreira LG, Ferreira Martins AI, Cunha CE, Anastácio LR, Lima AS, Correia MI. Negative energy balance secondary to inadequate dietary intake of patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Nutrition. 2013; 29: 1252-1258.

  14. Aranda-Michel J. Nutrition in hepatic failure and liver transplantation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2001; 3: 362-370.

  15. Madden AM, Bradbury W, Morgan MY. Taste perception in cirrhosis: its relationship to circulating micronutrients and food preferences. Hepatology. 1997; 26: 40-48.

  16. Heyman JK, Whitfield CJ, Brock KE, McCaughan GW, Donaghy AJ. Dietary protein intakes in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis: current practice in NSW and ACT. Med J Aust. 2006; 185: 542-543.

  17. Thuluvath PJ, Triger DR. Autonomic neuropathy and chronic liver disease. Q J Med. 1989; 72: 737-747.

  18. Stanley AJ, Gilmour HM, Ghosh S, Ferguson A, McGilchrist AJ. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt as a treatment for protein-losing enteropathy caused by portal hypertension. Gastroenterology. 1996; 111: 1679-1682.

  19. Mezey E, Jow E, Slavin RE, Tobon F. Pancreatic function and intestinal absorption in chronic alcoholism. Gastroenterology. 1970; 59: 657-664.

  20. Weber A, Roy CC. The malabsorption associated with chronic liver disease in children. Pediatrics. 1972; 50: 73-83.

  21. Hasse JM. Early postoperative tube feeding in liver transplantation. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014; 29: 222-228.

  22. DiMartini A, Cruz RJ, Dew MA, Myaskovsky L, Goodpaster B, Fox K et al. Muscle mass predicts outcomes following liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2013; 19: 1172-1180.

  23. Ney M, Abraldes JG, Ma M, Belland D, Harvey A, Robbins S et al. Insufficient protein intake is associated with increased mortality in 630 patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015; 30: 530-536.

  24. Ferreira LG, Anastácio LR, Lima AS, Touslon Davisson Correia MI. Predictors of mortality in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Nutr Hosp. 2013; 28: 914-919.

  25. Naveau S, Belda E, Borotto E, Genuist F, Chaput JC. Comparison of clinical judgment and anthropometric parameters for evaluating nutritional status in patients with alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol. 1995; 23: 234-235.

  26. Sanchez AJ, Aranda-Michel J. Nutrition for the liver transplant patient. Liver Transpl. 2006; 12: 1310-1316.

  27. Hasse J, Strong S, Gorman MA, Liepa G. Subjective global assessment: alternative nutrition-assessment technique for liver-transplant candidates. Nutrition. 1993; 9: 339-343.

  28. Ferreira LG, Anastácio LR, Lima AS, Correia MI. Assessment of nutritional status of patients waiting for liver transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2011; 25: 248-254.

  29. Anastácio LR, Diniz KG, Ribeiro HS, Ferreira LG, Lima AS, Correia MI et al. Prospective evaluation of metabolic syndrome and its components among long-term liver recipients. Liver Int. 2014; 34: 1094-1101.

  30. Garcia AM, Veneroso CE, Soares DD, Lima AS, Correia MI. Effect of a physical exercise program on the functional capacity of liver transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 2014; 46: 1807-1808.

  31. Valero V, Amini N, Spolverato G, Weiss MJ, Hirose K, Dagher NN et al. Sarcopenia adversely impacts postoperative complications following resection or transplantation in patients with primary liver tumors. J Gastrointest Surg. 2015; 19: 272-281.

  32. Clark K, Cross T. Sarcopenia and survival after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2014; 20: 1423.

  33. Tsien C, Garber A, Narayanan A, Shah SN, Barnes D, Eghtesad B et al. Post-liver transplantation sarcopenia in cirrhosis: a prospective evaluation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 29: 1250-1257.

  34. Masuda T, Shirabe K, Ikegami T, Harimoto N, Yoshizumi T, Soejima Y et al. Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor in living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2014; 20: 401-407.

  35. Dasarathy S. Posttransplant sarcopenia: an underrecognized early consequence of liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci. 2013; 58: 3103-3111.

  36. Yoshizumi T, Shirabe K, Nakagawara H, Ikegami T, Harimoto N, Toshima T et al. Skeletal muscle area correlates with body surface area in healthy adults. Hepatol Res. 2014; 44: 313-318.

  37. Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2008; 9: 629-635.

  38. Tandon P, Ney M, Irwin I, Ma MM, Gramlich L, Bain VG et al. Severe muscle depletion in patients on the liver transplant wait list: its prevalence and independent prognostic value. Liver Transpl. 2012; 18: 1209-1216.

  39. Kouz J, Vincent C, Leong A, Dorais M, Räkel A. Weight gain after orthotopic liver transplantation: is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis a risk factor for greater weight gain? Liver Transpl. 2014; 20: 1266-1274.

  40. Rezende Anastácio L, García Ferreira L, Costa Liboredo J, de Sena Ribeiro H, Soares Lima A, García Vilela E et al. Overweight, obesity and weight gain up to three years after liver transplantation. Nutr Hosp. 2012; 27: 1351-1356.

  41. Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska M, Karpińska E, Jurczyk K, Laurans L, Boroń-Kaczmarska A. Risk factors and dynamics of weight gain in patients after liver transplantation. Ann Transplant 2009; 14: 45-50.

  42. Richards J, Gunson B, Johnson J, Neuberger J. Weight gain and obesity after liver transplantation. Transpl Int. 2005; 18: 461-466.

  43. Palmer M, Schaffner F, Thung SN. Excessive weight gain after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 1991; 51: 797-800.

  44. Choudhary NS, Saigal S, Saraf N, Mohanka R, Rastogi A, Goja S et al. Sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome: a newly recognized entity following living donor liver transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2015; 29: 211-215.

  45. Anastácio LR, Ferreira LG, Ribeiro Hde S, Liboredo JC, Lima AS, Correia MI. Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: prevalence and predictive factors. Nutrition. 2011; 27: 931-937.

  46. Dolz C, Raurich JM, Ibáñez J, Obrador A, Marsé P, Gayá J. Ascites increases the resting energy expenditure in liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1991; 100: 738-744.

  47. Ferreira LG, Santos LF, Anastácio LR, Lima AS, Correia MI. Resting energy expenditure, body composition, and dietary intake: a longitudinal study before and after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2013; 96: 579-585.

  48. Amodio P, Bemeur C, Butterworth R, Cordoba J, Kato A, Montagnese S et al. The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism Consensus. Hepatology. 2013; 58: 325-336.

  49. Córdoba J, López-Hellín J, Planas M, Sabín P, Sanpedro F, Castro F et al. Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study. J Hepatol. 2004; 41: 38-43.

  50. Metcalfe EL, Avenell A, Fraser A. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation in adults with cirrhosis and porto-systemic encephalopathy: systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2014; 33: 958-965.

  51. Charlton M. Branched-chain amino acid enriched supplements as therapy for liver disease. J Nutr. 2006; 136: 295S-298S.

  52. Shu X, Kang K, Zhong J, Ji S, Zhang Y, Hu H et al. Metaanalysis of branched chain amino acid-enriched nutrition to improve hepatic function in patients undergoing hepatic operation. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Zazhi. 2014; 22: 43-47.

  53. Montejo González JC, Mesejo A, Bonet Saris A. Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient: update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: liver failure and liver transplantation. Nutr Hosp. 2011; 26 Suppl 2: 27-31.

  54. Kabadi UM. The association of hepatic glycogen depletion with hyperammonemia in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1987; 7: 821-824.

  55. Tsien CD, McCullough AJ, Dasarathy S. Late evening snack: exploiting a period of anabolic opportunity in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 27: 430-441.

  56. Holte K, Krag A, Gluud LL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials on probiotics for hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatol Res. 2012; 42: 1008-1015.

  57. Agrawal A, Sharma BC, Sharma P, Sarin SK. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: an open-label, randomized controlled trial of lactulose, probiotics, and no therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012; 107: 1043-1050.

  58. Zhu X, Wu Y, Qiu Y, Jiang C, Ding Y. Effects of ω-3 fish oil lipid emulsion combined with parenteral nutrition on patients undergoing liver transplantation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013; 37: 68-74.

  59. Ginanni Corradini S, Zerbinati C, Maldarelli F, Palmaccio G, Parlati L, Bottaccioli AG et al. Plasma fatty acid lipidome is associated with cirrhosis prognosis and graft damage in liver transplantation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 100: 600-608.

  60. Hirsch S, Bunout D, de la Maza P, Iturriaga H, Petermann M, Icazar G et al. Controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in outpatients with symptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1993; 17: 119-124.

  61. Le Cornu KA, McKiernan FJ, Kapadia SA, Neuberger JM. A prospective randomized study of preoperative nutritional supplementation in patients awaiting elective orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2000; 69: 1364-1369.

  62. Leevy CM, Moroianu SA. Nutritional aspects of alcoholic liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2005; 9: 67-81.

  63. Sokol RJ. Fat-soluble vitamins and their importance in patients with cholestatic liver diseases. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1994; 23: 673-705.

  64. Arteh J, Narra S, Nair S. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2010; 55: 2624-2628.

  65. Malham M, Jørgensen SP, Ott P, Agnholt J, Vilstrup H, Borre M et al. Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology. World J Gastroenterol. 2011; 17: 922-925.

  66. Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath VK, Deal C, Caplan L, Chen W et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010; 62: 1515-1526.

  67. Nangliya V, Sharma A, Yadav D, Sunder S, Nijhawan S, Mishra S. Study of trace elements in liver cirrhosis patients and their role in prognosis of disease. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015; 165: 35-40.

  68. Weimann A, Braga M, Harsanyi L, Laviano A, Ljungqvist O, Soeters P et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Surgery including organ transplantation. Clin Nutr. 2006; 25: 224-244.

  69. Sugihara K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Teramoto A, Urano E, Katayama T, Morine Y et al. Recovery of nutritional metabolism after liver transplantation. Nutrition. 2015; 31: 105-110.

  70. Plauth M, Cabré E, Campillo B, Kondrup J, Marchesini G, Schütz T et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: hepatology. Clin Nutr. 2009; 28: 436-444.

  71. Plauth M, Cabré E, Riggio O, Assis-Camilo M, Pirlich M, Kondrup J et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2006; 25: 285-294.

  72. Plank LD, Mathur S, Gane EJ, Peng SL, Gillanders LK, McIlroy K et al. Perioperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing liver transplantation: a randomized double-blind trial. Hepatology. 2015; 61: 639-647.

  73. Parekh J, Corley DA, Feng S. Diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia: prevalence over time and impact on long-term survival after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2012; 12: 2181-2187.

  74. Giusto M, Lattanzi B, Di Gregorio V, Giannelli V, Lucidi C, Merli M. Changes in nutritional status after liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 10682-10690.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com