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Medicina & Laboratorio

2017, Número 01-02

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2017; 23 (01-02)


Importancia de las plaquetas en las enfermedades cardiovasculares

Campuzano-Maya G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 9-12
Archivo PDF: 361.23 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

La fascinante historia de las plaquetas, aquellos pequeños fragmentos celulares que se desprenden del citoplasma de los megacariocitos, se remonta a los siglos XVII y XVIII; no obstante, lo que hoy representan en el contexto de la salud y la enfermedad se inicia cuando sir William Osler (1849-1919), el padre de la medicina interna, las describe por primera vez en el año 1874 y cuando Giulio Bizzozero (1846-1901) las caracteriza, en 1881, como un nuevo elemento forme de la sangre.
Con el correr del tiempo, y a partir de los primeros años del siglo xx, las plaquetas se fueron posicionando como un parámetro más para incluir en el hemograma y, desde el punto de vista clínico, para definir y caracterizar algunas entidades hematológicas relacionadas con su recuento, como la púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática, hoy conocida como trombocitopenia autoinmune y llamada, originalmente, enfermedad de Werlhof, que fue descrita en 1735, muchísimos años antes de que se descubriesen las plaquetas y su papel en la hemostasia; al igual que aquellas asociadas a su morfología y funcionamiento, como el síndrome de Bernard-Soulier y la trombastenia de Glanzmann [7], entre otras.


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