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Medicina & Laboratorio

2017, Número 05-06

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2017; 23 (05-06)


Síndrome hepatopulmonar: revisión narrativa

Insuasty-Enríquez MR, Correa-Gutiérrez EM, Toro-Rendón LG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 237-248
Archivo PDF: 502.28 Kb.


RESUMEN

El síndrome hepatopulmonar es una de las tres principales condiciones pulmonares en pacientes con enfermedad hepática o hipertensión portal. Esta alteración es causada por la circulación hiperdinámica, los cortocircuitos intrapulmonares y la vasodilatación pulmonar, lo que lleva a alteraciones que generan un compromiso en el intercambio gaseoso, el cual se manifiesta como hipoxemia y aumento del gradiente alveolo arterial. El diagnóstico del síndrome hepatopulmonar consiste en demostrar las alteraciones del intercambio gaseoso, por medio del análisis de los gases arteriales, y las dilataciones vasculares intrapulmonares, documentadas por ecocardiografía transtorácica contrastada con solución salina agitada, la cual es considerada el estándar de referencia. Por el impacto pronóstico del síndrome hepatopulmonar, se recomienda una tamización activa que permita un diagnóstico temprano, y referir a tiempo al paciente a un centro especializado para la valoración de trasplante hepático como único tratamiento disponible curativo. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una revisión narrativa sobre el síndrome hepatopulmonar, con énfasis en la definición, diagnóstico, fisiopatogénesis y medidas terapéuticas disponibles.


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