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Medicina & Laboratorio 2014; 20 (09-10)
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 26
Paginas: 441-451
Archivo PDF: 322.71 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: Bacillus cereus es una bacteria contaminante de alimentos y patógena en humanos, cuya toxina
emética o cereúlida (Ces) causa el síndrome emético y las enterotoxinas hemolítica o hemolisina BL (Hbl), no
hemolítica (Nhe) y citotoxina K (CytK), el síndrome diarreico.
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de genes toxigénicos
de Bacillus cereus en muestras de ADN obtenido directamente de fécula de maíz y de harina de trigo,
mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple.
Materiales y métodos: Se determinaron los genes
toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en muestras de ADN extraído directamente de fécula de maíz y harina de trigo,
utilizando una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple específica para los genes cesB, hblC, nheA y cytK.
Resultados: De 76 muestras de fécula de maíz, el 60,5% presentó los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus, que
fueron agrupados en seis consorcios: I: hblC, cytK (30,4%), II: nheA, hblC, cytK (21,7%), III: hblC (19,6%), IV:
nheA (15,2%), V: nheA, hblC (10,9%), VI: nheA, hblC, cytK, cesB (2,2%). De 79 muestras de harina de trigo,
el 65,8% presentó los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus, que se agruparon en cuatro consorcios: I: nheA,
hblC, cytK (80,8%), II: hblC, cytK (11,5%), III: hblC (5,8%), IV: nheA, hblC (1,9%).
Conclusiones: En la fécula
de maíz los consorcios enterotoxigénicos predominaron sobre el emético y en la harina de trigo únicamente
se detectaron los enterotoxigénicos. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple permitió detectar directa,
rápida y simultáneamente los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en los alimentos.
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