2020, Número 2
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Med Crit 2020; 34 (2)
Guía COVID-19 para la atención del paciente crítico con infección por SARS-CoV-2 Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica, (segunda parte)
Grupo de Trabajo Mexicano COVID-19/COMMEC
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 132
Paginas: 99-124
Archivo PDF: 467.35 Kb.
FRAGMENTO
Aunque existen numerosas referencias de que la edad no es un factor determinante en la mortalidad de pacientes que ingresan a una UTI, en esta pandemia hemos observado un efecto de la edad como factor de riesgo en la mortalidad de los pacientes (mayores de 60 años). En estos pacientes, existen estudios que demuestran que la mortalidad en SIRPA no está asociada con la respuesta del huésped.1 Por el momento, el manejo sigue siendo el mismo.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Liew MF, Siow WT, Yau YW, See KC. Safe patient transport for COVID-19. Critical Care. 2020;24:94.
Schouten LRA, Bos LDJ, Neto SA, Van Vught LA, Wiewel MA, Hoogendijk AJ, et al. Increased mortality in elderly patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is not explained by host response. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2019 29;7(1):58.
Garnier-Crussard A, Forestier E, Gilbert T, Krolak-Salmon P. Novel Coronavirus COVID-19) Epidemic: What Are the Risks for Older Patients? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020:12. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16407. [Epub ahead of print].
Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, Zheng C. Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes of Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Preliminary Analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;18:1-6.
Malik A, Medhat EMK, Ravi M, Sayed F. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus during Pregnancy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(3):515-7.
Jeong SY, Sung SI, Sung JH, Ahn SY, Kang ES, Chang YS, Park WS. MERS-CoV Infection in a Pregnant Woman in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32:1717-1720.
Alserehi H, Wali G, Alshukairi, Alraddadi B. Impact of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on pregnancy and perinatal outcome. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2016;16:105.
Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Jiang F, Jiang Z, Tong S. Epidemiological Characteristics of 2,143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2020:1:30.
Xia W, Shao J, Guo Y, Peng X, Li Z, Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patient with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(5):1169-1174.
Jouvet P, Thomas NJ, Wilson DF, Erickson S, Khemani R, Zimmerman J. Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16(5):428-39.
Barazzoni R, Stephan C. Bischoff A, Krznaric Z, Pirlich M, Joao Breda, et al. ESPEN Practical Guidance for Nutritional Management of Individual with SARs-CoV-2. Clin Nutr. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022. [Epub ahead of print].
Bear D, Terblanche E, Davies C, Duff S, Fixter L, et al. Critical Care Specialist Group (CCSG) of the BDA Guidance on management of nutrition and dietetic services during the COVID 19 pandemic. The Association of UK Dietitians. 2020;1:8.
Hiroomi T. Enteral tolerance in critically ill patients. Journal of Intensive Care. 2019;7:30.
Oliveira VM, Weschenfelder ME, Deponti G, Condessa R, Loss SH, Bairros PM, et al. Good Practices for prone positioning at the bedside: Construction of a care protocol. Rev Assoc Med Brass. 2016;62(3):287-293.
Martindale R, Patel J, Warren M, A McCLave S. Nutrition Therapy in the Patient with COVID-19. Disease Requiring ICU Care [Sitio web]. Society of Critical Care of Medicine; 2020 [Updated April 1]. Disponible en: https://www.sccm.org/getattachment/Disaster/Nutrition-Therapy-COVID-19-SCCM-ASPEN.pdf?lang=en-US.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10222):391-93.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585. [Epub ahead of print].
Sun P, Qie S, Liu Z Ren J, LiK, Xi J. Clinical characteristics of 50466 hospitalized patients with 2019-nCoV infection. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25735. [Epub ahead of print].
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623. [Epub ahead of print].
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. [Epub ahead of print].
Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Jiang F, Jiang Z, Tong S. Epidemiological Characteristics of 2,143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2020;1:30.
Chen JY, Qiao K, Liu F, Wu B, Xu X, Jiao GQ, et al. Lung transplantation as therapeutic option in acute respiratory distress syndrome for COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000839. [Epub ahead of print].
Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. 2020;1-3. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x.
Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020. 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286. 32219363. [Epub ahead of print].
Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, Cai Y, Liu T, Yang F, Gong W, et al. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950. [Epub ahead of print].
He XW, Lai JS, Cheng J, Wang MW, Liu YJ, Xiao ZC, et al. Impact of complicated myocardial injury on the clinical outcome of severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2020;48(0):E011.
Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, Sayer G, Griffin JM, Masoumi A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941. [Epub ahead of print].
Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al. Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017. [Epub ahead of print].
Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J. 2020. ii: ehaa190. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190. [Epub ahead of print].
Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, Lokhandwala S, Riedo FX, Chong M, Lee M. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4326. [Epub ahead of print].
Hua A, O’Gallagher K, Sado D, Byrne J. Life-threatening cardiac tamponade complicating myo-pericarditis in COVID-19. Eur Heart J. 2020. pii: ehaa253. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa253. [Epub ahead of print].
Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, Italia L, Raffo M, Tomasoni D, et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096. [Epub ahead of print].
Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J. 2020. pii: ehaa231. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa231. [Epub ahead of print].
Xu L, Liu J, Lu M, Yang D, Zheng X. Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections. Liver Int. 2020. doi: 10.1111/liv.14435. [Epub ahead of print].
Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m129.
Wang Z, Yang B, Li Q, Lu W, Ruiguang Z. Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa272.
Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033-1034.
Pedersen SF, Ho YC. SARS-CoV-2:a storm is raging. J Clin Invest. 2020 Mar 27. [Epub ahead of print].
Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, Wang J, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the experience of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol. 2020;108393. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393. [Epub ahead of print].
Alhazzani W, Møller M, Arabi Y, Loeb M, Gong M, Fan E, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5. [Epub ahead of print].
Tang N, Li D, Wang X Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):844-7.
Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020. doi: 10.1111/jth.14817. [Epub ahead of print].
Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005.
Wang L, Li X, Chen H, et al. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury:an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China. Am J Nephrol. 2020 Mar 31:1-6.
Wang F, Wang H, Fan J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhao Q. Pancreatic injury patterns in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Gastroenterology. 2020. pii: S0016-5085(20)30409-1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.055. [Epub ahead of print].
Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. JAMA Neurol. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127. [Epub ahead of print].
AHA/ASA Stroke Council Leadership. Temporary emergency guidance to US stroke centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stroke. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030023.
Jin H, Hong C, Chen S, et al. Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2020.
Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. COVID-19– associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Radiology. 2020. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201187. [Epub ahead of print].
Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological complications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7352.
Jin M, Tong Q. Rhabdomyolysis as potential late complication associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;20;26(7).
Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-15.
Schwartz DA. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0901-SA. [Epub ahead of print].
Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(1):51-60.
Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, Lim LM, Li S, Biswas A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;pii:S0002-9378(20)30343-4.
Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, Zheng C. Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes of Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Preliminary Analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;18:1-6.
Liu Y, Chen H, Tang K, Guo Y. Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. J Infect. 2020. pii: S0163-4453(20)30109-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028. [Epub ahead of print].
Kirkpatrick AW, Sugrue M, McKee JL, et al. Update from the Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: past, present, and future beyond Banff 2017. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2017;49(2):83-87.
Holley A, Attokaran A, Avard B, Chee S, Cheng A, Cheung W, et al. The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) COVID-19 Guidelines [sitio web]. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society; 16 March 2020.
Mei Heng, Hu Yu. Etiologic analysis and diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy in patients with pneumonia from coronavirus (COVID-19). Chinese Journal of Hematology. 2020;41.
Wei-jie G, Zheng-yi N, Yu H, Wen-Hua L, Chun-Quan O, Jian-Xing H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. Med Rxiv. 2020.
Tang N, Li D, Wang X Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):844-7.
Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. Med Rxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.20026500.
Liu Q, Wang RS, Qu GQ, Wang YY, Liu P, Zhu YZ, et al. Gross examination report of a COVID-19 death autopsy. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020;36(1):21-23.
Hunt B, Retter A, McClintock C. Practical guidance for the prevention of thrombosis and management of coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation of patients infected with COVID-19 [Sitio web]. UK: Trombosis; March 25, 2020. Disponible en: https://thrombosisuk.org/covid-19-thrombosis.php.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10222):391-93.
Golemi I, Salazar Adum JP, Tafur A, Caprini J. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis using the Caprini score. Dis Mon. 2019;65(8):249-298.
Duranteau J, Taccone FS, Verhamme P, et al. European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: Intensive care. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(2):142-146.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):580-637.
Danzi GB, Loffi M, Galeazzi G, Gherbesi E. Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? Eur Heart J. 2020 Mar 30. pii: ehaa254. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa254. [Epub ahead of print].
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
Luo W, Yu H, Gou J, Li X, Sun Y, Li J,1 Liu L. First Case Report of Pathological Biopsy of Critical Patient with COVID-19. Research Gate. 2020. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22934.29762. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339939319. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.22934.29762.
Xie Y, Wang X, Yang P, Zhang S. COVID-19 Complicated by acute pulmonary embolism. Radio Cardiothoracic Imag. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/ryct.2020200067.
Zhang H, Zhou P, Wei Y, Yue H, Wang Y, Hu M, Zhang S, et al. Histopathologic Changes and SARS-CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2020. doi: 10.7326/M20-0533. [Epub ahead of print].
Li J, Li Y, Li L. Low-molecular-weight heparin treatment for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2018;11(2):414-422.
Ye J, Zhang B, Xu J, Chang Q, McNutt J, Korteweg C, et al. Molecular Pathology in the Lungs of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Patients. Am J Pathol. 2007;170(2): 538-545.
Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Gu J, Korteweg G. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Am J Pathol. 2007;170(4):1136-1147.
Chen J, Fan H, Zhang L, Huang B, Zhu M, Zhou Y, et al. Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Features in 101 Death Cases with COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033068.
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al .Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China . Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Mar 13. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. [Epub ahead of print].
McGonagle D, Sharif K, O’Regan A, Bridgewood C. The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2020:102537. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537. [Epub ahead of print].
Liu X, Li Z, Liu S, Chen Z, Sun J, et al. Therapeutic effects of dipyridamole on COVID-19 patients with coagulation dysfunction. medRxiv. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20027557.
Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020. doi: 10.1111/jth.14817. [Epub ahead of print].
Zhang Y. Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:e38.
Spahn D Moch H, Hofmann A, Isbister JP. Patient Blood Management: The Pragmatic Solution for the Problems with Blood Transfusions. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(6):951-3.
Song W, Liu Y, Ouyang Y, Chen W, Li M, Xianyu S, et al. Recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategy and procedure for novel coronavirus pneumonia. Resuscitation. 2020 Apr 7. pii: S0300-9572(20)30137-4. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.03.023. [Epub ahead of print].
Resuscitation Council UK Statements on COVID-19 [sitio web]. Guidance for the resuscitation of adult COVID-19 patients in acute hospital settings. Resuscitation Council UK. Versión 4. 2020. Disponible en: https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:oNqO4QKoR1AJ:https://www.resus.org.uk/_resources/assets/attachment/full/0/36100.pdf+&cd=1&hl=es-419&ct=clnk&gl=mx&client=safari.
Resuscitation Council UK Statements on COVID-19 [sitio web]. Resuscitation of adult COVID-19 patients in acute hospital settings. Disponible en: https://www.resus.org.uk/media/statements/resuscitation-council-uk-statements-on-covid-19-coronavirus-cpr-and-resuscitation/covid-healthcare-resources/.
Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, Kellerman AL. Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3(1):63-81. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.889576. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
Mahase E, Kmietowicz Z. Covid-19: doctors are told not to perform CPR on patients in cardiac arrest. BMJ. 2020;368:m1282. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1282.
Couper K, Taylor-Phillips S, Grove A, et al. COVID-19 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest. Consensus on science with treatment recommendations. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). 2020. Disponible en: https://costr.ilcor.org/ document/covid-19-infection-risk-to-rescuers-from-patients-in-cardiac-arrest.
World Health Organization [sitio web]. Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Interim guidance [Consultado el 19 de marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 10665/331498/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPCPPE_use-2020.2-eng.pd
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, et al . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020. pii: S2213-2600(20)30079-5. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5. [Epub ahead of print].
Bogoch II, Watts A, Thomas-Bachli A, Huber C, Kraemer MU, Khan K. Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China. J Travel Med. 2020;27:1-3.
Wu P, Hao X, Lau EHY, Wong JY, Leung KS, Wu JB, et al. Leung, Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China. Euro Surveill. 2020. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
Wong J, Goh QY, Tan Z, Lie SA, Tay YC, Ng SY, Soh CR. Preparing for a COVID-19, pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Can J Anaesth. 2020. doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01620-9.
Leung CCH, Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Wong WT, Lee A, Ling L, et al. Comparison of high- flow nasal cannula versus oxygen face mask for environmental bacterial contamination in critically ill pneumonia patients: a randomized controlled crossover trial. J Hosp Infect. 2019;101(1):84-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.10.007.
Kwak HD, Kim SH, Seo YS, Song KJ. Detecting hepatitis B virus in surgical smoke emitted during laparoscopic surgery. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73(12):857-863.
Li Y, Qin JJ, Wang Z, Yu Y, Wen YY, Chen XK, Liu WX, et al. Surgical treatment for esophageal cancer during the outbreak of COVID-19. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020;42(0):E003. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200226-00128.
Yu GY, Lou Z, Zhang W. Several suggestions of operation for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 19 in China. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2020;23(3):9-11.
Mazuski JE, Tessier JM, May AK, Sawyer RG, Nadler EP, Rosengart MR, Chang PK, et al. The Surgical Infection Society Revised Guidelines on the Management of Intra-Abdominal Infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2017;18(1):1-76.
Park SY, Lee JS, Son JS, Ko JH, Peck KR, Jung Y, et al. Postexposure prophylaxis for Middle East respiratory syndrome in healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect. 2019;101:42-6.
White DB, Katz MH, Luce JM, Lo B. Who should receive life support during a public health emergency? Using ethical principles to improve allocation decisions. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(2):132-8.
Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias [sitio web]. Recomendaciones éticas para la toma de decisiones en la situación excepcional de crisis de pandemia COVID-19 en las unidades de cuidados intensivos [consultado en marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://semicyuc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Ética_SEMICYUC-COVID-19.pdf.
Downar J, Seccareccia D; Associated Medical Services Inc. Educational Fellows in Care at the End of Life. Palliating a pandemic: “all patients must be cared for”. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010;39(2):291-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.11.241.
Thompson AK, Faith K, Gibson JL, Upshur RE. Pandemic influenza preparedness: An ethical framework to guide decision-making. BMC Med Ethics. 2006;7:E12.
Falvey, JR, Ferrante LE. Frailty assessment in the ICU: translation to real-world clinical practice. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(6):700-703. doi: 10.1111/anae.14617. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Leong IY, Lee AO, Ng TW, Lee LB, Koh NY, Yap E, Guay S, et al. challenge of providing holistic care in a viral epidemic: Opportunities for palliative care. Palliat Med. 2004;18(1):12-8.
Saxena A, Horby P, Amuasi J, Aagaard N, Köhler J, Gooshki ES, et al. Ethics preparedness: Facilitating ethics review during outbreaks: Recommendations from an expert panel. BMC Med Ethics. 2019;20(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12910-019-0366-x.
Grasselli G, Pesenti A, Cecconi M. Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy. Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4031. [Epub ahead of print].
Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Diario Oficial de la Federación. DOF:23/03/2020. Poder Ejecutivo. Consejo de Salubridad General. Acuerdo por el que se reconoce la epidemia de enfermedad por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), en México, como una enfermedad grave de atención prioritaria.
Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Diario Oficial de la Federación. DOF:30/03/2020. Poder Ejecutivo. Consejo de Salubridad General. Acuerdo por el que se declara como emergencia sanitaria por causa de fuerza mayor, a la epidemia de enfermedad generada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Diario Oficial de la Federación. DOF:31/03/2020. Secretaría de Salud. Acuerdo por el que se establecen acciones extraordinarias para atender la emergencia sanitaria generada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica, Colegio de Medicina Interna de México, Sociedad Mexicana de Medicina Emergencias, Asociación de Medicina de Urgencias y Desastres de México y Asociación Mexicana de Infectología y Microbiología Clínica. Mensaje de Colegios, Sociedades y Asociaciones Médicas de México a las Autoridades, Equipo de Salud y Población. Ciudad de México. 04/04/2020. COMMEC.org. [consultado el 11 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://commec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Mensaje-sociedades-médicas.
World Health Organization [sitio web]. Transcript of statement by Margaret Chan, Director. General of the World Health Organization [11 de junio de 2009]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/influenzaAH1N1_presstranscript_20090611.pdf.
World Health Organization [sitio web]. Plan de preparación para la pandemia de influenza: El rol de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y Guías para la Planificación Nacional y Regional. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/influenza/whoplanspanish.pdf.
Ko PC1, Chen WJ, Ma MH, Chiang WC, Su CP, Huang CH, et al. Emergency Medical Services utilization during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the incidence of SARS-associated coronavirus infection among emergency medical technicians. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11(9):903-11.
Pan L, Wang L, Huang X. How to face the novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: the experience of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:573-575.
Martín MC, Gómez JM, Gálvez M. Módulo 4. Tema 12. Desgaste Profesional en el Personal Sanitario. Máster en Humanización de la Asistencia Sanitaria: Pacientes, Familias y Profesionales. Universidad de Barcelona. Disponible en: https://www.il3.ub.edu/master-humanizacion-asistencia-sanitaria-pacientes-familias-profesionales.
Gobierno de México. Secretaría de Salud [sitio web]. Lineamiento para la atención de pacientes por COVID-19. G14 de Febrero 2020. Disponible en: http://cvoed.imss.gob.mx/lineamiento-para-la-atencion-de-pacientes-por-covid-19/.
Grimmond T. COVID-19: Trustworthy Facts and Waste Handling Guidelines [sitio web]. Disponible en: https://www.danielshealth.com/knowledge-center/trustworthy-facts-coronavirus.
Texas Commission Environmental Quality [sitio web]. TCEQ Regulatory Guidance: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Disponible: https://www.tceq.texas.gov/response/covid-19/waste-disposal-guidance.
World Health Organization [sitio web]. Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus. Technical brief 3 March, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/water-sanitation-hygiene-and-waste-management-for-covid-19.
Datta P, Mohi G, Chander J. Biomedical waste management in India: Critical appraisal. J Lab Physicians. 2018;10(1):6-14.
Awodele O. Assessment of medical waste management in seven hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:269.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [sitio web]. Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov.
United States Environmental Protection Agency [sitio web]. List N: Disinfectants for use against SARS-CoV-2. Disponible en: www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [sitio web]. Infection prevention and control for COVID-19 in healthcare settings [Cosulltado en marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-and-preparedness-covid-19-healthcare-settings.
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social [sitio web]. Orientaciones para el manejo, traslado y disposición final de cadáveres por COVID-19. Ministerio de salud y protección social. Boletín de Prensa Núm. 152 de 2020. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Orientaciones-para-la-disposicion-de-cadaveres-frente-a-la-pandemia-de-la-covid-19.aspx.