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2020, Número S3

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Cardiovasc Metab Sci 2020; 31 (S3)


Infección por coronavirus en pacientes con diabetes

Torres-Tamayo M, Caracas-Portillo NA, Peña-Aparicio B, Juárez-Rojas JG, Medina-Urrutia AX, Martínez-Alvarado MR

Idioma: Inglés [English version]
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 235-246
Archivo PDF: 270.17 Kb.


RESUMEN

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica, compleja y multifactorial, que se caracteriza por alteración en el metabolismo de la glucosa, las grasas y las proteínas. Con frecuencia, los pacientes que la padecen cursan con hiperglucemia y, además, la enfermedad arterial coronaria es la principal causa de muerte. Las comorbilidades que se asocian con la diabetes son: sobrepeso y obesidad, hipertensión arterial sistémica, dislipidemia aterogénica y, en algunos pacientes, enfermedad vascular periférica, daño renal, neuropatía y retinopatía. El descontrol crónico de la enfermedad se asocia con una mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones, las cuales generalmente cursan con pocos síntomas, aunque, generalmente, la hiperglucemia se magnifica, lo cual empeora el curso de las infecciones. Desde diciembre de 2019, cuando se identificó la enfermedad producida por uno de los coronavirus (coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave o SARS-CoV-2), que ha sido llamada enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha habido algunos reportes que asocian la presencia de diabetes con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. En este artículo de revisión nos hemos enfocado en cuatro puntos específicos: 1) la epidemiología de la prevalencia y de la mortalidad de COVID-19 en la población general y en la población con diabetes mellitus tipo 2; 2) la fisiopatología que está relacionada con la unión del SARS-CoV-2 a los receptores en sujetos con diabetes; 3) la respuesta inmunológica inducida por el SARS-CoV-2, y 4) el tratamiento ambulatorio y hospitalario que se recomienda en los pacientes con diabetes que se infectan con SARS-CoV-2.


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