medigraphic.com
ISSN 1665-3254 (Impreso)
Revista Oficial de la Universidad Biomédica Rafael Guízar y Valencia A. C.

2006, Número 1

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Plasticidad y Restauración Neurológica 2006; 5 (1)


Relación anatómica, clínica y neurofisiológica entre los sistemas nervioso, endocrino e inmune

Torres RC, Aguilar RF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 75-84
Archivo PDF: 264.26 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad es el resultado de la interacción de múltiples factores, externos (virus, bacterias, sustancias químicas tóxicas, etc.), otros intrínsecos al ser humano (desde genéticos hasta emocionales) y factores psicosociales; el estrés es un problema de salud pública en el mundo actual y al igual que otros interactúan entre sí con el sistema endocrino y el aparato inmunológico mediante una fuerte gama de condiciones titulares que se movilizan en ambos sentidos desde la corteza cerebral, el sistema límbico, el tallo cerebral y el eje hipotálamo–hipófisis–suprarrenal, el sistema nervioso autónomo y finalmente los órganos linfáticos, el bazo, los linfocitos y los macrófagos.
Este artículo analiza los sistemas implicados, su ubicación desde la corteza cerebral; los núcleos subcorticales y del tallo cerebral y los mediadores químicos que intervienen en la modulación de la respuesta de los diferentes tejidos, secreción de hormonas, secreciones paracrinas como el polipéptido vasoactivo intestinal (VIP), producción de mediadores proteicos como las interleuquinas o finalmente la activación de segundos mensajeros de la membrana celular.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Felten DL. Neural influence on immune responses: underlying sup positions and basic principles of neural-immune signaling. Prog Brain Res 2000;122: 381-389.

  2. Heinze 6. Mente-cerebro: Sus señales y su repercusión en el sistema inmunológico. Sal Ment 2001;24:3-9.

  3. Kemeny ME, Gruenewald TL. Affect, cognition, the immune system and health. Prog Dram Res 2000;122:29 1-308.

  4. Metalnikov 5, Chorine V. Role des reflexes conditionnels dans I’ immunite. Ann Ins Pasteur (Paris) 1928;40:893-900. Citado en referencia 9.

  5. Metalnikov 5, Chorine V. Role des reflexes condionnels dans la for mation des anticorps. Compt Rend Seanc Soc Biol Fil 1928;102:133-134. Citado en referencia 9.

  6. Ader R, Cohen N. Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression. Psychosom Med 1975;37:330-340.

  7. Ader R. Psychoneuroimmunology, New York: Academic Press, 1981.

  8. Cannon WB. Stresses and strains of homeostasis. Amer J Med Sci 1935;189:1-14.

  9. Selye H. A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature 1936;138:32.

  10. Selye H. The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J Clin Endocrinol 1946;6:117.

  11. Selye H. The Stress of Life, New York, Mc Graw-HiIl 1956:15-54.

  12. Sternberg EM. Interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine system. Prog Brain Res 2000;122:35-42.

  13. Ader R, Cohen N. The influence of conditionating on immune responses. En: Ader R., Felten DL, y Cohen N, Eds. Psychoneuroimmunology, 2’. Ed., New York: Academic Press, 1991:611-646.

  14. Giovambatsista A, Chisari AN, Gaillard RC, Spenidi E. Modutatory role of the epinergic system in the neuroendocrine-immune system function. Neuroimmunomod 2000;8:98-106.

  15. Levite M. Nervous immunity: neurotransmitters, extracellular K+ and T-cell function. Trends Immunol, 2001;22: 2-5.

  16. Sanders VM, Powell-Oliver FE. b2- Adrenocepsor stimulation increases the number of antigen-specific precursor B lympliocytes that differentiate into IgM-secreting cells without affecting burst size. J Immunol 1992;148:1822-1829.

  17. Becher B, Bnrker PA, Owens T, Antel JP. CD95-CD95L: can the brain learn from the immune system? Trends Neurosci 1998;21(3):114-117.

  18. Felten DL, Cohen N, Ader R, Felten SY, Carlson SL, Roszman TL. Central neural circuits involved in neural immune interactions. En: Ader R., Felten DL, y Cohen N. Eds. Psychoneuroimmunology, 2’. Ed., New York: Academic Press, 1991:3-25.

  19. Kim JI, Diamond DM- The stressed hippocampus, synaptic plasticity and lost memories, Nature Rev Neurosci 2002;3:453-462.

  20. Nelson RJ. Stress in Nelson FU. An Introduction to behavioral Endocrinology, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates 2000;557-59 1.

  21. McEwen GP. Protective and imaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain. Progr Braín Res 2000;122:25-34.

  22. McEwen GP. The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance, Brain Res 2000;886:172-189.

  23. Scaccianece S, Muscolo LA, Cigliana G, Navarra O, Nicolai R, Anqelucci L. Evidence for a specific role of vasopressin in sustaining pituitary-adrenocortical stress response in the rat. Endocrinol 1991;128:3138-3143.

  24. Cullinan WE, Herman J, Battaglia V, Watson SI. Pattern and time course of immediate gene activation following acute stress. Neurosci 1995;64:477-505.

  25. Bakshi VP, Smith-Roe S, Newman SM, Grigoriadis DE, Kalin NR. Reduction of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH2) receptors in lateral or CRH1 receptors in amygdale. J Neurosci 2002;22:2 926-2935.

  26. Dínan TU. Serotonin and the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, Life Sci 1996;58:1683-1694.

  27. Hsu DT, Lombardo KA, Herringa S, Bakshi E, Roseboom PH, Kailin NR. Corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA distribution and stress-induced activation in the thalamus: Neurosci 2001;105:911-921.

  28. Srunson KL, Eghbal-Añmadi M, Bender T, Chen Saram TZ. Long-term, progressive hippocampus cell loss and dysfunction induced by early-life administration of corticotrophin-releasing hormone reproduce the effects of early-life stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001;98:8856-886 1.

  29. Astoniones G, et al. Role of the locus coeruleus in emotional activation, Progr Brain Res 1996;107:379-402.

  30. Bremner ID, et al. Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety 1, Preclinical studies, Synapse 1996;23:28-38.

  31. Van Bockstale EL, et aL. Amygdaloidal corticotrophin-releasing factor targets locus ceruleans dendrites: substrate for the coordination emotional and cognitive limbs of the stress response J, Neuroendocrinol 1998,10:743-757.

  32. De Kloet ER, Ditzl MS, Joels M. Stress and cognition: are corticosteroids good or bad guys?. Trends Neurosci 1 999;22:422-426.

  33. Covelli Y. What is the stress? How does it correlate with the immune system? en Fabris N, Markovic BM, Spector NR, Jankovic D. (eds. Neuro-immuno-modulation; The State of the Art. Ann New York Acad Sci 1994;741:212-215.

  34. Ehlert F, Gaab I, Heinrichs M. (Psychoneuroendocrinology) contributions to the etiology of depression, posttraumatic stress of disorder, and stress-related bodily disorders: the role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, Biol Psychol 2001;57: 141-152.

  35. Deuschle M, Schweiger U, Weber B et al, Diurnal activity and pulsality of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system in male depressed patients and healthy controls. .1 Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;82:234-23 8.

  36. Yehuda R, Southwick SM, Mason .1W et al. Interactions of hypo thalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the catecholaminergic system of the stress disorder. In: Guiller EL, editor. Biological assessment and treatment of PTSD. Washington: American Psychiatric Press 1990.

  37. Starkmnn MN, Gebarski SS, Berent 5, Schteingart DE. Hippocampal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing’s Syndrome. Biol Psychiat 1992;32:756-765.

  38. Bergquist J et al. Discovery of endogenous catecholamines in lymphocytes and evidence for catecholamine regulation of lymphocyte function via an autocrine loop. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:12912-12916.

  39. Kronfol Z, Remick DG. Cytokines and the brain: Implications for clinical psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:5.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com