2019, Número 6
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Acta Ortop Mex 2019; 33 (6)
Eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia preventiva con gabapentinoides para pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica de hombro: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis
Galindo-Ávalos J, Colin-Vázquez A, López-Valencia J, Gómez-Gómez JM, Bernal-Fortich LD
Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 416-423
Archivo PDF: 209.72 Kb.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia preventiva con gabapentinoides para pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica del hombro.
Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis conforme a PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library y ScienceDirect. Se recuperaron ensayos controlados aleatorios (RCT) que comparaban los gabapentinoides (gabapentina y pregabalina) con placebo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica del hombro. El punto final principal fue la puntuación de la escala analógica visual (VAS) a las 24 horas y el consumo acumulado de morfina a las 24 horas. Los resultados secundarios fueron complicaciones de náuseas/vómitos, sedación y mareos. Después de realizar pruebas de sesgo de publicación y heterogeneidad entre los estudios, se agregaron datos para modelos de efectos aleatorios cuando fue necesario.
Resultados: En última instancia, se incluyeron en el metaanálisis cinco estudios clínicos (grupo de gabapentina n = 4 y grupo de pregabalina n = 1). Los gabapentinoides se asociaron con puntuaciones de dolor reducidas a las 24 horas. Del mismo modo, los gabapentinoides se asociaron con una reducción en el consumo acumulado de morfina a las 24 horas. Además, los gabapentinoides pueden reducir significativamente la aparición de náuseas/vómitos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la ocurrencia de sedación y mareos.
Conclusiones: El uso preoperatorio de gabapentinoides fue capaz de reducir el dolor postoperatorio, el consumo total de morfina y las complicaciones relacionadas con la morfina después de la cirugía artroscópica del hombro. Otros estudios deben determinar la dosis óptima y si la pregabalina es superior a la gabapentina en el control del dolor agudo después de la cirugía de hombro.
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