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2019, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Cirugía 2019; 58 (2)


Programa de cooperación quirúrgica en un hospital rural de Etiopía. ¿Podemos ofrecer cirugía de calidad?

Calvete CJ, Fernández MMC, Raga VJ, Díaz TM, Echaniz VM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 1-16
Archivo PDF: 329.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: En Etiopía la asistencia quirúrgica en el medio rural es deficitaria por la falta de cirujanos y por los limitados recursos sanitarios, y este escenario subóptimo puede provocar un incremento de morbilidad y mortalidad operatoria.
Objetivos: Describir las intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas durante ocho años de cooperación en el Hospital Rural de Gambo y analizar la morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatoria.
Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de las intervenciones quirúrgicas practicadas en el Hospital Rural de Gambo, por un grupo de cooperación quirúrgica entre 2007-2017 en ocho campañas quirúrgicas. Se recogieron en una base de datos el sexo, edad, diagnóstico, tipo de cirugía (urgente o programada), operaciones realizadas, complicaciones posoperatorias, infecciones del sitio quirúrgico, morbilidades, reintervenciones, transfusiones de sangre y mortalidad posoperatoria.
Resultados: Se operaron 587 pacientes, 389 de cirugía general, 78 de obstetricia-ginecología, 77 lesiones urológicas y 38 pacientes de traumatología. El 13 % (89) pacientes fueron operados de urgencia. Se aplicó anestesia general con intubación traqueal a 143 pacientes, anestesia raquídea en 167 casos y anestesia local en 277. En cirugía mayor (310 pacientes), la mortalidad fue 2 %, con 5,3 % de infección del sitio quirúrgico, 3 reintervenciones (1 %) y 9 (3 %) transfusiones sanguíneas perioperatorias.
Conclusiones: Para la cooperación quirúrgica en el entorno rural de Etiopía es necesaria una formación adicional en cirugía obstétrica-ginecológica, urología y traumatología. A pesar de los escasos medios tecnológicos del Hospital Rural de Gambo es posible realizar una cirugía mayor con seguridad, con un bajo índice de infecciones de herida, de necesidades transfusionales, reoperaciones y mortalidad.


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