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2019, Número 3

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Medisur 2019; 17 (3)


Dexametasona en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios en pacientes histerectomizadas

González CR, Chacón DC, Favier TY

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 23
Paginas: 450-456
Archivo PDF: 235.24 Kb.


RESUMEN

Fundamento: La dexametasona, corticoestoride de acción prolongada, es un fármaco con características que favorecen su uso en el tratamiento de las náuseas y los vómitos en determinadas circunstancias, sin embargo, su utilidad para prevenir las náuseas y los vómitos posoperatorios en pacientes operados con anestesia neuroaxial intratecal, y a las cuales se le realiza histerectomía abdominal, no está determinada.
Objetivo: demostrar la efectividad de la dexametasona en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios en pacientes histerectomizadas bajo anestesia neuroaxial intratecal.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, en pacientes a las que se realizó histerectomía, bajo anestesia regional neuroaxial intratecal (N=50), desde diciembre de 2012 hasta febrero de 2013, en el Hospital Ambrosio Grillo, de Santiago de Cuba. Se trabajó con dos grupos de igual cantidad de pacientes, seleccionadas aleatoriamente: uno tratado según la forma habitual (diazepan y difenhidramina), y otro al cual se le administró, además, dexametasona.
Resultados: en general, 8 pacientes (32 %) presentaron náuseas posoperatorias, 8 del grupo tratado con la forma habitual, y 6 del tratado con dexametasona (24 %).
Conclusión: el uso de la dexametasona en pacientes histerectomizadas bajo anestesia neuroaxial intratecal, disminuye la incidencia total de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios, pero no de manera significativa.


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