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2019, Número 2

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2019; 39 (2)


Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: hallazgos útiles en el diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento

Carvajal AM, Roldán TMD, Herrera AL, Hernández MA, Álvarez HLF, Martínez SLM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 53
Paginas: 65-70
Archivo PDF: 231.63 Kb.


RESUMEN

La infección por VIH se presenta en todo el mundo y su prevalencia continúa en aumento, sin embargo, gracias a los avances en el tratamiento antirretroviral se ha disminuido considerablemente su mortalidad. Entre los años 2000 y 2016 disminuyeron en 39% las infecciones nuevas por VIH, y las muertes relacionadas con este virus se redujeron en 33%, (13.1 millones de vidas), lo que ha significado un ahorro en terapia antirretroviral. El ingreso del VIH-1 en las células CD4 implica la interacción de glicoproteínas, como la gp120 de la envoltura, y un correceptor secundario que es uno de los receptores de quimioquinas CCR5 o CXCR4; hacia los cuales se han dirigido nuevas estrategias para el tratamiento de la infección y para buscar alternativas eficaces en el tratamiento a largo plazo del VIH/SIDA. Las pruebas rápidas representan un método accesible y ágil para el diagnóstico, y deben acompañarse de protocolos que permitan la realización de exámenes complementarios que confirmen el diagnóstico. La profilaxis ha demostrado que es efectiva en la prevención de la adquisición del VIH en poblaciones de pacientes en riesgo, como los profesionales de la salud que sufrieron lesiones con agujas y la transmisión vertical del virus de madres VIH positivas a sus recién nacidos. La aplicación de profilaxis también reduce las tasas de conversión del VIH entre personas con exposiciones sexuales consentidas.


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