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2020, Número 1

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2020; 63 (1)


Ketamina, un nuevo agente terapéutico para la depresión

Pérez-Esparza, Rodrigo; Kobayashi-Romero, Luis Fabián; García-Mendoza,Lamas-Aguilar RM, Vargas-Sosa M, Encarnación-Martínez M, González-Manríquez LA, Eternod-Rodríguez SA, Maltos-Gómez F, Vargas-Valencia KM, Fonseca-Perezamador A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 6-13
Archivo PDF: 282.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

El trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) afecta aproximadamente a una de cada 10 personas en México y es una de las primeras 5 causas de discapacidad a nivel global. Las opciones de tratamiento actuales son limitadas debido a que solo actúan en algunos de los factores fisiopatológicos relacionados con esta enfermedad, además de que los efectos sobre la depresión suelen ser retardados. Esto implica una importante limitación en disminuir la discapacidad que origina e impide una acción rápida ante la ideación suicida. Recientemente, la ketamina (un anestésico) ha probado tener propiedades antidepresivas a través de su actividad sobre el sistema de neurotransmisión glutamatérgica (ningún otro tratamiento actúa a este nivel). Logra mejoría de los síntomas depresivos en horas y ha resultado útil en pacientes que no responden a los tratamientos disponibles en la actualidad. Recientemente se aprobó su utilización para el tratamiento de este trastorno. Sin embargo, aún quedan interrogantes sobre sus mecanismos de acción antidepresiva, seguridad y efectos secundarios, entre otros.


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