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2019, Número 6

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2019; 62 (6)


Marihuana: legalización y atención médica

Prospéro GOE, Ruiz CAE, Cortés MJ, Herrera SA, Méndez DM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 90
Paginas: 6-23
Archivo PDF: 742.60 Kb.


RESUMEN

A pesar de que el uso de marihuana se considera ilegal en la mayoría de los países del mundo, es una de las drogas más utilizadas. El 8,6% de la población mexicana, entre 12 y 65 años, ha probado la marihuana alguna vez (2017). Este porcentaje ha aumentado significativamente en los últimos años. Casos fatales asociados con el consumo de cannabis no se documentaron durante mucho tiempo; sin embargo, recientemente se ha informado de muertes causada por un síndrome de hiperémesis de cannabis (CHS) y muerte por automutilación. Si bien se ha documentado que la marihuana sintetiza sustancias activas con potenciales propiedades terapéuticas, en la actualidad, el mayor uso de la marihuana en nuestro país y en el mundo es recreativo.
Esta revisión analiza las consecuencias del uso recreativo de marihuana, el contexto social y de salud con respecto a la legalización y los posibles usos terapéuticos de compuestos extraídos de la planta, de acuerdo a estudios reportados en la literatura científica. La contribución que hacemos es alertar sobre el impacto negativo en la salud del uso recreativo de marihuana y la urgencia de favorecer la investigación sobre sus efectos en el cerebro. Asimismo, identificar los principios activos que tengan potencial para el uso terapéutico.


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