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ISSN 1405-8871 (Impreso)

2019, Número 4

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Aten Fam 2019; 26 (4)


Trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión para el médico de primer nivel de atención

Robles LLR, Hernández BLR, Peña RB, de la Rosa AT, Guadarrama OP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 150-157
Archivo PDF: 169.02 Kb.


RESUMEN

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un desorden del desarrollo complejo caracterizado principalmente por carencias en la comunicación y en la interacción social, así como por patrones de comportamiento, intereses o actividades repetidas y restrictivas. La prevalencia es mayor en niños. Se desconocen las causas exactas de las anomalías o irregularidades en las conexiones neuronales subyacentes a la enfermedad, pero etiológicamente el tea se considera un padecimiento multifactorial. Se han propuesto diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos para explicar las manifestaciones del trastorno, entre los que destaca una alteración en el balance de señales excitadoras e inhibidoras mediadas por el glutamato y el ácido gamma amino-butírico (GABA), respectivamente, en circuitos que controlan funciones cognitivas como la memoria y aprendizaje. El tratamiento del tea consiste en apoyo psicopedagógico y farmacológicos, cada caso debe ser individualizado. Esta revisión aborda aspectos relevantes de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, características clínicas y terapéutica de este trastorno.


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