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2019, Número 3

Rev CONAMED 2019; 24 (3)


Anafilaxia en niños y adultos: prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento

Sienra-Monge JJL, Navarrete-Rodríguez EM, Chávez-Flores U, Lezana-Fernández MA, Baeza-Bastarrachea RA, Baeza-Bacab MA, Escalante-Domínguez AJ, Macías-Weinmann A, Magaña-Cobos A, Del-Rio-Navarro B, Torres-Lozano C, Estrada-Reyes E, Campos-Romero FH, Gómez-Vera J, Mancilla-Ramírez J, Castañón-González JA, Leija-Martínez JJ, Fernández-Soto JR, Ortega-Cisneros M, Sifuentes-Valenzuela MC, Hernández-Román MP, Bermejo-Guevara MA, Pineda-Maldonado ML, Ortega-Maldonado M, Muñoz-Hernández O, Cardona V, Meneses-González F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 192
Paginas: 107-164
Archivo PDF: 701.99 Kb.


RESUMEN

La anafilaxia es una condición que requiere asistencia inmediata para su resolución, se puede presentar en diferentes entornos: consultorio, hospital, escuela, hogar o en algún otro espacio público. La información aquí contenida forma parte de lineamientos conocidos sobre prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se abordan aspectos epidemiológicos, desencadenantes, factores de riesgo y cofactores; se explican de una manera didáctica los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que se traducen en fenotipos de presentación. Se enfatiza el diagnóstico clínico con base en criterios ya establecidos, se mencionan clasificaciones para evaluar la gravedad de la reacción, así como el rol de las pruebas clínicas o de laboratorio. Como aspectos de relevancia, se abordan el tratamiento de primera elección con adrenalina, instrucciones sobre autoinyectores y diferentes elementos para el tratamiento complementario y de segunda elección. También se refieren aspectos a considerar al dar de alta a un paciente y medidas de seguimiento, con un énfasis preventivo en la comunidad. Finalmente, se menciona el abordaje en el consultorio de alergia para decidir sobre opciones de inmunomodulación.


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