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2019, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Pediatr 2019; 91 (3)


Trasplante de microbiota fecal

Castañeda GC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 1-20
Archivo PDF: 325.08 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El trasplante de microbiota fecal se basa en la infusión de material fecal de un sujeto sano a otro enfermo por afección específica relacionada con disbiosis de la microbiota intestinal. Entre las indicaciones usadas con resultados promisorios en los últimos 20 años sobresalen infección por Clostridium difficile.
Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos más avanzados y ventajas del trasplante de microbiota fecal en distintas afecciones en el humano, en especial en la infancia.
Métodos: Se revisaron las publicaciones sobre esta afección en español e inglés en bases de datos de PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO y Latindex desde el 2015 hasta el 20 de enero de 2019.
Resultados: Se determinan los antecedentes históricos, criterios para indicación del trasplante de microbiota fecal, procedimiento de selección del donante, preparación y conservación de la materia fecal, vías de administración, riesgos y efectos adversos, y resultados alcanzados en los últimos años a nivel mundial. Se ha descrito 90 % de resolución de los síntomas en la infección recurrente por Clostridium difficile.
Consideraciones finales: El trasplante de microbiota fecal es un tratamiento eficaz y seguro, de fácil realización y buena tolerancia, con repercusión económica y científica, cuya principal indicación aprobada por organizaciones internacionales de la comunidad médica es la infección recurrente o recaída de Clostriium difficile en adultos y niños. Otras indicaciones ensayadas son enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas intestinales, en especial la colitis ulcerosa; síndrome de intestino irritable, enfermedades metabólicas como la obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y neuropsiquiátricas que se asocian con desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal.


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