medigraphic.com
ISSN 0028-3851 (Impreso)

2018, Número 3

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Neurol Neurocir Psiquiat 2018; 46 (3)


Riesgo de suicidio en militares: una revisión narrativa

Ocampo-Ortega R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 88-94
Archivo PDF: 206.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

El suicidio representa la decimosexta causa de muerte a nivel mundial y la décima en población civil norteamericana, con un incremento del 17% en la incidencia de intentos de suicidio en los últimos 10 años. Hasta hace algunos años, la tasa de suicidio en los militares estadounidenses ha estado por debajo de la población civil; sin embargo, a partir de 2008, la tasa de suicidios en los soldados norteamericanos empezó a superar a la de la población civil y en ciertos años (2010 y 2011) la mortalidad por suicidio superó a la mortalidad por combate o accidentes, particularmente en los miembros del ejército y en la infantería, cuya frecuencia de conducta suicida se ha incrementado al doble. Por lo anterior, se considera la importancia de estudiar y comprender los factores asociados al riesgo suicida en militares para tener la posibilidad de diseñar estudios y programas de prevención específicos.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Iniciativa SUPRE: Prevención del Suicidio, Un Instrumento para Médicos Generalistas. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2000, pp. 4-19.

  2. Olfson M, Blanco C, Wall M, Liu S, Saha T. Pickering R et al. National Trends in Suicide Attempts Among Adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017; 74: 1095-1103.

  3. Nock M, Deming C, Fullerton C, Gilman S, Goldenberg M, Kessler R et al. Suicide among soldiers: a review of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Psychiatry. 2013; 76: 97-125.

  4. Kuehn B. Soldier suicide rates continue to rise: military, scientists work to stem the tide. JAMA. 2009; 301: 1111-1113.

  5. Ritchie E, Benedek D, Malone R, Carr-Malone R. Psychiatry and the military: an update. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006; 29: 695-707.

  6. Nock M, Stein M, Heeringa S, Ursano R, Colpe L, Fullerton C et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among soldiers: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014; 71: 514-522.

  7. Ursano R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Jain S, Raman R, Sun X et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Depress Anxiety. 2015; 32: 3-12.

  8. Schoenbaum M, Kessler R, Gilman S, Colpe L, Heeringa S, Stein M et al. Predictors of Suicide and Accident Death in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS): results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014; 71: 493-503.

  9. Kessler R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Colpe L, Fullerton C, Hwang I et al. Thirty-Day Prevalence of DSM-IV Mental Disorders Among Nondeployed Soldiers in the US Army Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014; 71: 504-513.

  10. Rosellini A, Heeringa S, Stein M, Ursano R, Chiu W, Colpe L et al. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among new soldiers in the U.S. Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Depress Anxiety. 2015; 32: 13-24.

  11. Nock M, Ursano R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Jain S, Raman R et al. Mental disorders, comorbidity, and pre-enlistment suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the U.S. Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2015; 45: 588-599.

  12. Kimbrel N, Meyer E, Debeer B, Gulliver S, Morisette S. A 12-month prospective study of the effect of PTSD-depression comorbidity on suicidal behavior in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Psych Res. 2016; 30: 97-99.

  13. Reinkober D, Coleman M, Cable S. Military families under stress: implications for family life education. Fam Relat. 2003; 52: 279-287.

  14. Vythilingam M, Nelson E, Scaramozza M, Waldeck T, Hazlett G, Southwick S et al. Reward circuitry in resilience to severe trauma: an fMRI investigation of resilient Special Forces soldiers. Psychiatry Res. 2009; 172: 75-77.

  15. Ursano R, Kessler R, Stein M, Naifeh J, Aliaga P, Fullerton C et al. Suicide Attempts in the US Army During the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 2004 to 2009. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72: 917-926.

  16. Hawton K, Houston K, Haw C, Townsend E, Harriss L. Comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders in patients who attempted suicide. Am J Psych. 2013; 160: 1494-1500.

  17. Kimbrel N, Newins A, Dedert E, Van Voorhees E, Elbogen E, Naylor J et al. Cannabis use disorder and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. J Psych Res. 2017; 89: 1-5.

  18. Boden M, Babdon K, Vujanovic A, Short N, Bon-Miller M. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. Am J Addict. 2013; 22: 277-284.

  19. Carr R. When a Soldier commits suicide in Iraq: impact on units and caregivers. Psychiatry. 2011; 74: 95-106.

  20. Ursano R, Kessler R, Naifeh J, Mash H, Fullerton C, Bliese P et al. Risk of suicide attempt among soldiers in army units with a history of suicide attempts. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017; 74: 924-931.

  21. Hamza C, Stewart M, Willoughby T. Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature and an integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012; 32: 482-495.

  22. Kimbrel N, Gratz K, Tull M, Morissette S, Meyer E, De Beer B et al. Non-suicidal self-injury as a predictor of active and passive suicidal ideation among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Psych Res. 2015; 227: 360-362.

  23. MacGregor A, Shaffer R, Dougherty A, Galarneau M, Raman R, Baker D et al. Prevalence and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010; 25: 1-8.

  24. Bryan C, Clemans T. Repetitive traumatic brain injury, psychological symptoms, and suicide risk in a clinical sample of deployed military personnel. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013; 70: 686-691.

  25. Richard-Devantoy S, Berlim M, Jollant F. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological markers of vulnerability to suicidal behavior in mood disorders. Psychological Medicine. 2014; 44: 1663- 1673.

  26. Naifeh J, Nock M, Ursano R, Vegella P, Aliaga P, Fulleron C et al. Neurocognitive function and suicide in U.S. Army soldiers. Suicide and Life-Threat Behav. 2017; 47: 589-602.

  27. Mann J, Arango V, Avenevoli S, Brent D, Champagne D, Clayton P et al. Candidate endophenotypes in genetic studies of suicide behavior. Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 65: 556-563.

  28. Street A, Gilman S, Rosellini A, Stein M, Bromet E, Cox K et al. Understanding the elevated suicide risk of female soldiers during deployments. Psychol Med. 2015; 45: 717-726.

  29. Leardmann C, Pietrucha A, Magruder K, Smith B, Murdoch M, Jacobosn I et al. Combat deployment is associated with sexual harassment or sexual assault in large, female military cohort. Women’s Healt Issues. 2013; 23: 215-223.

  30. Miller M, Barber C, White R, Azrael D. Firearms and suicide in the United States: is risk independent of underlying suicidal behavior? Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 178: 946-955.

  31. LeardMann C, Powell T, Smith T, Bell M, Smith B, Boyko E et al. Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel. JAMA. 2013; 310: 496-506.

  32. Reger M, Smolenski D, Skopp N, Metzger-Abamukang M, Kang H, Bullman T et al. Risk of Suicide Among US Military Service Members Following Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom Deployment and Separation from the US Military. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72: 561-569.

  33. Cavanagh J, Carson A, Sharpe M, Lawrie S. Psychological autopsy studies: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2003; 33: 395-405.

  34. Nock M, Dempsey P, Aliaga P, Brent D, Heeringa S, Kessler R et al. Psychological autopsy study comparing suicide decedents, suicide ideators, and propensity score matched controls: results from the study to assess risk and resilience in service members (Army STARRS). Psych Med. 2017; 47: 1-12.

  35. Luxton D, Trofimovich L, Clark L. Suicide risk among US Service members after psychiatric hospitalization, 2001-2011. Psychatr Serv. 2013; 64: 626-629.

  36. Chung D, Ryan C, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Preet-Singh S, Stanton C, Large M. Suicide rates after discharge from psychiatric facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017; 74: 694-702.

  37. Kessler R, Warner C, Ivany C, Petukhova M, Rose S, Bromet E et al. Predicting suicides after psychiatric hospitalization in US Army soldiers: the Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72: 49-57.

  38. Castro C, Kintzle S. Suicides in the military. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014; 16 (8): 460.

  39. Iversen A, Nikolaou V, Greenberg N, Unwin C, Hull L, Hotopf M et al. What happens to British veterans when they leave the armed forces? Eur J Public Health. 2005; 15: 175-184.

  40. Ilgen M, Bohnert A, Ignacio R, McCarthy J, Valenstein M. Psychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 1152-1158.

  41. Iniciativa SUPRE: Prevención del Suicidio, un Instrumento en el Trabajo. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2006, pp. 4-16.

  42. Hoge C, Castro C, Messer S, McGurk D, Cotting D, Koffman R. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 13-22.

  43. Burnam M, Meredith L, Tanielian T, Jaycox L. Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Health Aff. 2009; 28: 771-782.

  44. West J, Wilk J, Duffy F, Kuramoto J, Rae D, Mosicki E et al. Mental Health Access and Quality in the Army: Survey of Mental Health Clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 2014; 20: 448-459.

  45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suicide prevention among active duty Air Force personnel-United States 1990- 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1999; 48: 1053-1057.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com