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2019, Número 1

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Medisur 2019; 17 (1)


Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en niños

Rodríguez MVS, Barrese PY, Iglesias ANR, Diaz CE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 126-135
Archivo PDF: 144.92 Kb.


RESUMEN

El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda es una enfermedad con baja incidencia pero elevada mortalidad, determinada por la disfunción orgánica secundaria a un fenómeno hipóxico refractario y mantenido. Se distinguen dentro de sus formas clínicas las pulmonares y las extrapulmonares. La búsqueda de un tratamiento eficaz es una constante inquietud, al respecto están vigentes pilares fundamentales, dentro de los que se encuentran: modificar los factores de riesgo, identificar la enfermedad responsable y tratarla, mantener el medio interno (volemia, electrolitos, equilibrio ácido básico y nutrición) en niveles óptimos, el uso de la ventilación artificial con todas sus estrategias protectoras, la estabilización hemodinámica y el manejo minucioso de drogas inotrópicas. Resulta imprescindible destacar la importancia de que el personal médico y paramédico pueda identificar los síntomas y signos que constituyen el substrato de la enfermedad, con el objetivo de actuar de manera precoz sobre ellos y evitar de este modo la progresión de la hipoxemia. Esta revisión pretende describir y actualizar la evolución de los conceptos sobre dicho síndrome, en particular lo relacionado con la población pediátrica.


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