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Antes Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias

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2006, Número 2

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Neumol Cir Torax 2006; 65 (2)


El transporte y la utilización tisular de oxígeno de la atmósfera a la mitocondria

Posadas CJG, Ugarte TA, Domínguez CG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 60-67
Archivo PDF: 109.12 Kb.


RESUMEN

En órganos con grandes exigencias metabólicas como el corazón y el cerebro, la disminución sostenida del aporte de oxígeno a las células ocasiona daño irreversible. Uno de los mecanismos de defensa filogenéticamente heredado para prevenir la hipoxia tisular es el aumento en el transporte de oxígeno sistémico (p.ej. taquicardia en el ejercicio). El ejemplo del ejercicio fundamenta la hipótesis de que al incrementar el aporte de oxígeno a nivel sistémico se podría corregir la hipoxia celular; sin embargo existen reportes que contraponen esta hipótesis con resultados que muestran aumento de la mortalidad con las estrategias de aumento en el transporte de oxígeno. La ineficacia de las estrategias mencionadas sugiere que la conservación de un adecuado aporte energético a nivel celular durante el estado crítico, no depende únicamente del transporte de oxígeno sistémico y de la oxigenación a nivel celular, sino también de mecanismos complejos de transporte masivo, control microvascular y metabolismo bioenergético a nivel celular.


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