2019, Número 06
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Revista Médica Sinergia 2019; 4 (06)
Nuevas estrategias farmacológicas para el tratamiento de cesación de tabaco
Leiva GK, Quesada VV
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 23
Paginas: 73-80
Archivo PDF: 396.85 Kb.
RESUMEN
En la actualidad, el tabaquismo, continúa siendo la principal causa de
enfermedades y muertes prevenibles a nivel mundial. El fumado al ser
fisiológica y psicológicamente adictivo, persiste con tasas de éxito de
abandono bajas. Como parte del proceso de cesado, la terapia
farmacológica debe de ir estrictamente de la mano con la terapia
conductual. La FDA ha aprobado tres fármacos de primera línea: la
terapia de sustitución de nicotina (TSN), el Bupropión y la Vareniclina.
Los inhaladores de nicotina han demostrado ser igual de eficaces que
el resto de formas comerciales de TSN. El Bupropión, inicialmente
comercializado como antidepresivo, mostró ser altamente efectivo en
el cese del fumado, además de controlar la ganancia de peso durante
el proceso. La Vareniclina es tratamiento de más alta eficacia,
mostrando superioridad sobre la TSN y el Bupropión, debido a su
efecto dual sobre receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina.
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