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2016, Número 3

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Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol 2016; 54 (3)


Condiciones laborales y conocimiento sobre el mercurio en compradores de oro y trabajadores de

Molina CF, Quiroz CM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 20-36
Archivo PDF: 285.55 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La minería de oro a pequeña escala es una fuente económica importante para la subsistencia, pero puede generar graves consecuencias en la salud de los trabajadores por el uso del mercurio en sus procesos.
Objetivo: Determinar los factores personales, condiciones laborales y de conocimiento sobre el uso de mercurio que están relacionados con los niveles corporales de este metal, en trabajadores de entables y de compra de oro de nueve municipios del departamento de Antioquia entre 2013-2014.
Métodos: Estudio de corte trasversal en 308 trabajadores de entables y compras de oro de siete municipios del departamento de Antioquia a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta sobre: factores sociodemográficos, factores ocupacionales y de conocimiento sobre mercurio. Adicionalmente se les tomó una muestra de orina para evaluar los niveles corporales de mercurio. Los datos se analizaron mediante la aplicación de una prueba t y la construcción de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple.
Resultados: Las características que se relacionaron con un aumento en los niveles de mercurio en la orina fueron: estar afiliado a riesgos laborales (p=0,005), usar elementos de protección personal (p=0,000) y haber recibido capacitación sobre mercurio, (p=0,009) mientras que el consumo de alimentos en el trabajo presentó una menor concentración de mercurio (p=0,017).
Conclusión: Este estudio observó que existen factores de la organización de trabajo y del conocimiento asociados con los niveles corporales de mercurio que deben ser incluidos en la legislación.


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