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2019, Número 1

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AMC 2019; 23 (1)


Metástasis óseas: enfoque ortopédico

Álvarez-López A, Soto-Carrasco SR, de la Caridad García-Lorenzo Y

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 144-154
Archivo PDF: 775.92 Kb.


RESUMEN

Fundamento: el cáncer constituye una causa frecuente de morbi-mortalidad a nivel internacional y nacional. Dentro de las formas de presentación se encuentran las metástasis óseas.
Objetivo: profundizar los conocimientos de la enfermedad ósea metastásica enfocada en el manejo desde el punto de vista de la especialidad de Ortopedia y Traumatología.
Métodos: la búsqueda de la información se realizó en un periodo de tres meses (primero de enero de 2018 al 31 de marzo de 2018) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: bone metastasis, pathologic fracture, y metastasic bone disease, a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 259 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 50 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, de ellas 41 de los últimos cinco años, se incluyeron diez libros.
Desarrollo: se describen las metástasis óseas de acuerdo a su aspecto radiográfico en blásticas, líticas y mixtas; así como los principales sitios de origen. Se hace referencia a los principales estadios, con especial énfasis en el riesgo de fractura patológica, para lo que se plasman criterios, que permiten definir la conducta a seguir. Se mencionan las indicaciones y variantes del tratamiento quirúrgico, así como el pronóstico de estos enfermos.
Conclusiones: la enfermedad ósea metastásica es un reto para el cirujano ortopédico, tiene indicaciones quirúrgicas específicas y uno de los elementos de más importancia es definir el riesgo de fractura patológica.


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