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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2019, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2019; 22 (1)


Efecto del quitosano en el control de Alternaria sp. en plantas de jitomate en invernadero

Rodríguez-Guzmán CA, González-Estrada RR, Bautista-Baños S, Gutiérrez-Martínez P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 38
Paginas: 1-7
Archivo PDF: 535.19 Kb.


RESUMEN

México es el principal exportador de jitomate a nivel mundial. El uso de invernaderos favorece la protección y producción de hortalizas, sin embargo, las plántulas de jitomate son sensibles al ataque de hongos necrotróficos como Alternaria sp. y el uso de fungicidas para el control de enfermedades aunque efectivo, daña al medio ambiente y favorece la aparición de cepas resistentes, situación que impulsa a buscar alternativas seguras para el uso de fungicidas sintéticos. El quitosano posee actividad antifúngica además de la capacidad de activar mecanismos de defensa en las plantas. En este estudio, a las plantas de jitomate se les aplicó quitosano a diferentes concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de daño foliar, germinación de esporas, inducción de peróxido de hidrógeno y actividad enzimática (peroxidasa y polifenoloxidasa). Se obtuvo una reducción estadísticamente significativa en el daño foliar y la germinación de esporas en plantas tratadas con 0.01% de quitosano (hasta un 80%) en comparación con el control. La producción de H2O2 y la actividad enzimática fue inducida en plantas tratadas. Por lo tanto, la aplicación de quitosano puede ser una alternativa viable para el control de la pudrición causada por Alternaria sp. en jitomate.


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