medigraphic.com
ISSN 0035-0052 (Impreso)

2019, Número S1

Rev Mex Pediatr 2019; 86 (S1)


Consumo de leche de vaca en la edad pediátrica. Revisión de la evidencia científica.
Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatría

Wakida-Kuzunoki G, Villasis-Keever MÁ, Calva-Rodríguez RG, Choperena-Rodríguez R, Xóchihua-Díaz L, Flores-Huerta S, García-Bolaños C, García-Obregón OP, Galindo-Delgado P, Laviada-Molina H, Limón-Rojas AE, López-Pérez GT, Molina-Seguí MF, Padrón-Martínez MM, Pozo-Beltrán CF, Quintero-Rodríguez AM, Ramos-Méndez AM, Torres-Lira SF, Velasco-Hidalgo L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 3-16
Archivo PDF: 341.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

Recientemente, han aparecido comunicaciones en las que se debate si el consumo de la leche de vaca y de los productos derivados de la misma en la edad pediátrica, son favorables para su salud o, por el contrario, predisponen a la aparición de enfermedades crónicas. En el presente trabajo, la Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatría, junto con un grupo multidisciplinario de médicos pediatras con diferentes especialidades, analizaron algunas de estas inquietudes. Así, en este documento se aborda de manera sucinta la evidencia científica acerca de algunos aspectos relevantes, donde se incluyen las propiedades biológicas de la leche, su importancia para lograr crecimiento apropiado en niños mayores de un año de edad, así como los estudios realizados sobre los problemas relacionados con su consumo, tales como anemia, intolerancia a lactosa y la alergia a proteínas de la leche. Además, la controversia sobre el consumo de leche de vaca relacionado con obesidad y sus comorbilidades. Finalizando con la falta de evidencia sobre la asociación del consumo de leche de vaca con la diabetes tipo 1, autismo y cáncer.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-155-SCFI-2012 “Leche-denominaciones, especificaciones fisicoquímicas, información comercial y métodos de prueba”. 2012.

  2. Fernández-Fernández E, Martínez-Hernández JA, Martínez-Suárez V, Villares M, Manuel J, Collado-Yurrita LR et al. Documento de Consenso: importancia nutricional y metabólica de la leche. Nutr Hosp. 2015; 31(1): 92-101.

  3. Swaisgood H. Chemistry of the caseins. Advanced dairy chemistry-1 proteins. Springer; 2003. pp. 139-201.

  4. Dewettinck K, Rombaut R, Thienpont N, Le TT, Messens K, Van Camp J. Nutritional and technological aspects of milk fat globule membrane material. Internat Dairy J. 2008; 18(5): 436-457.

  5. Zhang SO, Trimble R, Guo F, Mak HY. Lipid droplets as ubiquitous fat storage organelles in C. elegans. BMC Cell Biol. 2010; 11(1): 96.

  6. Calvo MV, Castro-Gómez P, García-Serrano AM, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Juárez M, Fontecha FJ. Grasa láctea: una fuente natural de compuestos bioactivos. Aliment Nutr Salud. 2014; 21(3): 57-63.

  7. Cheng WL, Lii CK, Chen HW, Lin TH, Liu KL. Contribution of conjugated linoleic acid to the suppression of inflammatory responses through the regulation of the NF-κB pathway. J Agric Food Chem. 2004; 52(1): 71-78.

  8. Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Givens DI, Gallacher JE. The consumption of milk and dairy foods and the incidence of vascular disease and diabetes: an overview of the evidence. Lipids. 2010; 45(10): 925-939.

  9. Spitsberg V. Invited review: bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical. J Dairy Sci. 2005; 88(7): 2289-2294.

  10. Hintze KJ, Snow D, Burtenshaw I, Ward RE (July 5th 2011). Nutraceutical properties of milk fat globular membrane, Biotechnology of Biopolymers, Magdy Elnashar, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/16722. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/biotechnology-of-biopolymers/nutraceutical-properties-of-milk-fat-globular-membrane

  11. Daza W, Dadán S. Fórmulas infantiles. CCAP. 2009; 8(4): 5-17.

  12. Heller-Rouassant S, Flores-Quijano ME. Niño pequeño, preescolar y escolar. Gac Med Mex. 2016; 152 Suppl 1: 22-28

  13. Koletzko B, Baker S, Cleghorn G, Neto UF, Gopalan S, Hernell O et al. Global standard for the composition of infant formula: recommendations of an ESPGHAN coordinated international expert group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005; 41(5): 584-599.

  14. Weber M, Grote V, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Langhendries JP, Dain E et al. Lower protein content in infant formula reduces BMI and obesity risk at school age: follow-up of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99(5): 1041-1051.

  15. Agostoni C, Turck D. Is cow’s milk harmful to a child’s health? Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2011; 53(6): 594-600.

  16. Michaelsen KF, Hoppe C, Lauritzen L, Mølgaard C. Whole cow’s milk: why, what and when? Issues in complementary feeding. 60: Karger Publishers; 2007. pp. 201-219.

  17. Martin RM, Holly JM, Gunnell D. Milk and linear growth: programming of the IGF-I axis and implication for health in adulthood. Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition. 67: Karger Publishers; 2011. pp. 79-97.

  18. Aimutis WR. Bioactive properties of milk proteins with particular focus on anticariogenesis. J Nutr. 2004; 134(4): 989S-995S.

  19. Mehta H, Groetch M, Wang J. Growth and nutritional concerns in children with food allergy. Curr Op Aller Clin Immunol. 2013; 13(3): 275.

  20. de Beer H. Dairy products and physical stature: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Econ Hum Biol. 2012; 10(3): 299-309.

  21. Flammarion S, Santos C, Guimber D, Jouannic L, Thumerelle C, Gottrand F et al. Diet and nutritional status of children with food allergies. Pediatr Aller Immunol. 2011; 22(2): 161-165.

  22. Henriksen C, Eggesbø M, Halvorsen R, Botten G. Nutrient intake among two year old children on cows’ milk restricted diets. Acta Paediat. 2000; 89(3): 272-278.

  23. Tuokkola J, Luukkainen P, Nevalainen J, Ahonen S, Toppari J, Ilonen J et al. Eliminating cows’ milk, but not wheat, barley or rye, increases the risk of growth deceleration and nutritional inadequacies. Acta Paediat. 2017; 106(7): 1142-1149.

  24. Rizzoli R. Nutritional aspects of bone health. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 28(6): 795-808.

  25. Rozenberg S, Body JJ, Bruyere O, Bergmann P, Brandi ML, Cooper C et al. Effects of dairy products consumption on health: benefits and beliefs—a commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Calc Tiss Internat. 2016; 98(1): 1-17.

  26. Vogel KA, Martin BR, McCabe LD, Peacock M, Warden SJ, McCabe GP et al. The effect of dairy intake on bone mass and body composition in early pubertal girls and boys: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017; 105(5): 1214-1229.

  27. Weaver CM. Calcium requirements of physically active people. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(2): 579S-584S.

  28. Manios Y, Moschonis G, Trovas G, Lyritis GP. Changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism and bone mineral density after a 12-mo dietary intervention program: the postmenopausal health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86(3): 781-789.

  29. Teegarden D, Lyle RM, Proulx WR, Johnston CC, Weaver CM. Previous milk consumption is associated with greater bone density in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 69(5): 1014-1017.

  30. Wadolowska L, Sobas K, Szczepanska JW, Slowinska MA, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Niedzwiedzka E. Dairy products, dietary calcium and bone health: possibility of prevention of osteoporosis in women: the Polish experience. Nutrients. 2013; 5(7): 2684-2707.

  31. Guillén-López S, Vela-Amieva M. Desventajas de la introducción de la leche de vaca en el primer año de vida. Acta Pediat Mex. 2010; 31(3): 123-128.

  32. Male C, Persson L, Freeman V, Guerra A, Van’t-Hof M. Prevalence of iron deficiency in 12‐mo‐old infants from 11 European areas and influence of dietary factors on iron status (Euro‐Growth study). Acta Paediat. 2001; 90(5): 492-498.

  33. Smith N, Hunter R, Hallberg L, Harwerth H, Vannotti A. Iron requirements during growth. Iron deficiency: pathogenesis, clinical aspects, therapy. Academic Press: New York; 1970. pp. 199-211.

  34. Woodruff CW, Wright SW, Wright RP. The role of fresh cow’s milk in iron deficiency: II. Comparison of fresh cow’s milk with a prepared formula. Am J Dis Child. 1972; 124(1): 26-30.

  35. Vesa TH, Marteau P, Korpela R. Lactose intolerance. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000; 19(sup2): 165S-175S.

  36. Lisker R, Aguilar L, Lares I, Cravioto J. Double blind study of milk lactose intolerance in a group of rural and urban children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980; 33(5): 1049-1053.

  37. Rosado JL, Gonzalez C, Valencia ME, López P, Palma M, López B et al. Lactose maldigestion and milk intolerance: a study in rural and urban Mexico using physiological doses of milk. J Nutr. 1994; 124(7): 1052-1059.

  38. Rosado JL. Intolerancia a la lactosa. Gac Med Mex. 2016; 152(1): 67-73.

  39. Berg J, Tymoczko J, Stryer L. Enzymes can. Be inhibited by specific molecules. Biochemistry. 5th ed. New York: 2002.

  40. Suchy FJ, Brannon PM, Carpenter TO, Fernandez JR, Gilsanz V, Gould JB et al. NIH consensus development conference statement: lactose intolerance and health. NIH Consensus and State-of-the-Science Statements. 2010; 27(2): 1-27.

  41. Pal S, Woodford K, Kukuljan S, Ho S. Milk intolerance, beta-casein and lactose. Nutrients. 2015; 7(9): 7285-7297.

  42. Martorell-Aragonés A, Echeverría-Zudaire L, Alonso-Lebrero E, Boné-Calvo J, Martín-Muñoz M, Nevot-Falcó S et al. Position document: IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy. Allergol Immunopathol. 2015; 43(5): 507-526.

  43. Høst A. Frequency of cow’s milk allergy in childhood. Ann Aller, Asth Immunol. 2002; 89(6): 33-37.

  44. Tuokkola J, Kaila M, Pietinen P, Simell O, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Agreement between parental reports and patient records in food allergies among infants and young children in Finland. J Evaluat Clin Pract. 2008; 14(6): 984-989.

  45. Høst A, Halken S, Jacobsen HP, Christensen AE, Herskind AM, Plesner K. Clinical course of cow’s milk protein allergy/intolerance and atopic diseases in childhood. Pediat Aller Immunol. 2002; 13: 23-28.

  46. Katz Y, Goldberg MR, Rajuan N, Cohen A, Leshno M. The prevalence and natural course of food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome to cow’s milk: A large-scale, prospective population-based study. J Aller Clin Immunol. 2011; 127(3): 647-653.

  47. Kokkonen J, Tikkanen S, Savilahti E. Residual intestinal disease after milk allergy in infancy. J Pediat Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001; 32(2): 156-161.

  48. Crittenden RG, Bennett LE. Cow’s milk allergy: a complex disorder. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005; 24(sup6): 582S-591S.

  49. Laitinen K, Isolauri E. Allergic infants: growth and implications while on exclusion diets. Issues in complementary feeding. 60: Karger Publishers; 2007. pp. 157-169.

  50. Grimshaw KE. Symposium on ‘Nutrition and health in children and adolescents’ Session 5: Risk and management of food allergy in children Dietary management of food allergy in children: A meeting of the Nutrition Society hosted by the Irish Section was held on 14–16 June 2006 at University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland. Proc Nutr Soc. 2006; 65(4): 412-417.

  51. Noimark L, Cox HE. Nutritional problems related to food allergy in childhood. Pediat Aller Immunol. 2008; 19(2): 188-195.

  52. Wood RA, Sicherer SH, Vickery BP, Jones SM, Liu AH, Fleischer DM et al. The natural history of milk allergy in an observational cohort. J Aller Clin Immunol. 2013; 131(3): 805-812.

  53. Zemel MB, Miller SL. Dietary calcium and dairy modulation of adiposity and obesity risk. Nutr Rev. 2004; 62(4): 125-131.

  54. Teegarden D. The influence of dairy product consumption on body composition. J Nutr. 2005; 135(12): 2749-2752.

  55. Perez-Rodriguez M, Melendez G, Nieto C, Aranda M, Pfeffer F. Dietary and physical activity/inactivity factors associated with obesity in school-aged children. Adv Nutr. 2012; 3(4): 622S-628S.

  56. Wang W, Wu Y, Zhang D. Association of dairy products consumption with risk of obesity in children and adults: a meta-analysis of mainly cross-sectional studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2016; 26(12): 870-882.e2.

  57. Scharf RJ, Demmer RT, DeBoer MD. Longitudinal evaluation of milk type consumed and weight status in preschoolers. Arch Dis Child. 2013; 98(5): 335-340.

  58. Berkey CS, Rockett HR, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Milk, dairy fat, dietary calcium, and weight gain: a longitudinal study of adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005; 159(6): 543-550.

  59. Dror D. Dairy consumption and pre‐school, school‐age and adolescent obesity in developed countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obes Rev. 2014; 15(6): 516-527.

  60. Louie JCY, Flood V, Hector D, Rangan A, Gill T. Dairy consumption and overweight and obesity: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2011; 12(7): e582-e592.

  61. Baird J, Fisher D, Lucas P, Kleijnen J, Roberts H, Law C. Being big or growing fast: systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity. BMJ. 2005; 331(7522): 929.

  62. Ulbak J, Lauritzen L, Hansen HS, Michaelsen KF. Diet and blood pressure in 2.5-y-old Danish children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79(6): 1095-1102.

  63. Moore LL, Bradlee ML, Gao D, Singer MR. Low dairy intake in early childhood predicts excess body fat gain. Obesity. 2006; 14(6): 1010-1018.

  64. Bel‐Serrat S, Mouratidou T, Jiménez‐Pavón D, Huybrechts I, Cuenca‐García M, Mistura L et al. Is dairy consumption associated with low cardiovascular disease risk in European adolescents? Results from the HELENA Study. Pediat Obes. 2014; 9(5): 401-410.

  65. Pereira MA, Jacobs Jr DR, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Kartashov AI, Ludwig DS. Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA Study. JAMA. 2002; 287(16): 2081-2089.

  66. Kim Y, Je Y. Dairy consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Diab Med. 2016; 33(4): 428-440.

  67. DellaValle DM, Carter J, Jones M, Henshaw MH. What is the relationship between dairy intake and blood pressure in black and white children and adolescents enrolled in a weight management program? J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(8): e004593.

  68. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Verberne LD, Ding EL, Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM. Dairy consumption and incidence of hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hypertension. 2012; 60(5): 1131-1137.

  69. Drouin-Chartier JP, Brassard D, Tessier-Grenier M, Côté JA, Labonté MÈ, Desroches S et al. Systematic review of the association between dairy product consumption and risk of cardiovascular-related clinical outcomes. Advan Nutr. 2016; 7(6): 1026-1040.

  70. Ralston R, Lee J, Truby H, Palermo C, Walker K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. J Hum Hypert. 2012; 26(1): 3.

  71. Truswell A. The A2 milk case: a critical review. Europ J Clin Nutr. 2005; 59(5): 623.

  72. Gerstein HC. Cow’s milk exposure and type I diabetes mellitus: a critical overview of the clinical literature. Diab Care. 1994; 17(1): 13-19.

  73. Authority EFS. Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides. EFSA J. 2009; 7(2): 231.

  74. Gogou M, Kolios G. Are therapeutic diets an emerging additional choice in autism spectrum disorder management? World J Pediatr. 2018; 14(3): 215-223.

  75. Davoodi H, Esmaeili S, Mortazavian A. Effects of milk and milk products consumption on cancer: a review. Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safety. 2013; 12(3): 249-264.

  76. Van Der Pols JC, Bain C, Gunnell D, Davey Smith G, Frobisher C, Martin RM. Childhood dairy intake and adult cancer risk: 65-y follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86(6): 1722-1729.

  77. Muehlhoff E, Bennett A, McMahon D. Milk and dairy products in human nutrition: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); 2013. http://www.fao.org/3/i3396e/i3396e.pdf

  78. World Cancer Research Fund Global Network. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. 2007. https://www.wcrf.org/sites/default/files/english.pdf




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com