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2004, Número 5

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Cir Cir 2004; 72 (5)


Prolapso valvular mitral. Revisión de la literatura

Rosas-Munive E, Valenzuela-Flores GA, Valenzuela-Flores AA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 415-420
Archivo PDF: 71.09 Kb.


RESUMEN

El prolapso valvular mitral primario o la enfermedad conocida como prolapso valvular mitral consiste en la degeneración mixomatosa de la válvula mitral con desplazamiento de una o ambas valvas hacia la cavidad auricular izquierda, asociada o no a insuficiencia mitral. Su prevalencia en la población mexicana es baja (<2%) y su comportamiento es benigno a menos que se asocie a insuficiencia mitral moderada o severa, a otros síndromes o a complicaciones. Los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes son clic sistólico seguido de soplo sistólico (cuando hay insuficiencia mitral). El estudio de elección para su diagnóstico es el ecocardiograma bidimensional, que permite, además, tomar decisiones de manejo. En general, el curso del prolapso valvular mitral es benigno. Si no hay síntomas, no deberá ser tratado. Rara vez causa insuficiencia mitral que requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. El tratamiento de las complicaciones será independiente al del prolapso valvular mitral per se. El prolapso valvular mitral secundario se trata también de desplazamiento de una o ambas valvas hacia la aurícula, pero debido a diversas patologías que comprometen la válvula mitral o su aparato subvalvular, como la cardiopatía reumática o la isquémica, entre otras. En estas situaciones, el tratamiento será el de la enfermedad subyacente.


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