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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2018, Número 3

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Arch Neurocien 2018; 23 (3)


Exosomas en la propagación Artículo de revisión de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

Gómez-Chavarín M, Morales-Gómez MR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 58
Paginas: 6-18
Archivo PDF: 959.25 Kb.


RESUMEN

Recientemente la agregación anormal de proteínas ha sido implicada en procesos neurodegenerativos y enfermedades como el Alzheimer y el Parkinson (EA y EP, respectivamente). Estudios recientes han propuesto que la transmisión de estos agregados proteicos entre neuronas, son el mecanismo subyacente al progreso y la patología de las enfermedades. Sin embargo, el mecanismo preciso por el cual se transmiten estos agregados entre las neuronas se desconoce. Se han sugerido que los exosomas, un grupo específico de vesículas extracelulares, pueden participar en la transferencia de proteínas, RNA y DNA entre las neuronas y desempeñar un papel importante en la transmisión de agregados. Este manuscrito describe varios tipos de vesículas y evidencias que apoyan el papel de los exosomas en la transmisión de agregados entre las neuronas, así como su relación con los procesos neurodegenerativos. También describe algunos mecanismos que participan en la transmisión mediada por exosomas, cómo en el caso de los exosomas liberados por las neuronas cuyo contenido tienen perfiles moleculares que representan un momento del estado de salud del cerebro, por lo que pueden utilizarse como biomarcadores del microambiente cerebral y contribuir al progreso de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas al facilitar la propagación de proteínas mal plegada a sitios distantes. Esta revisión también resume algunos estudios realizados con exosomas en la patofisiología de la enfermedad de Parkinson y en modelos experimentales, y su potencial como biomarcadores de enfermedades.


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