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Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2018, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2018; 41 (6)


Comparison of clinical and cognitive characteristics of a Mexican adult clinical population with and without ADHD

Palacios-Cruz L, Galicia F, Arias-Caballero A, Cárdenas Godínez EM, Vásquez-Medina J, Mayer-Villa P, Feria Aranda M, Cruz-Fuentes C, De la Peña F, Ulloa Flores RE, Rosetti M, Reyes-Zamorano E, Nafate O, Fragoso A, Ortiz S, Jaimes A, Garza Gallegos K, Lara-Muñoz MC

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 140
Paginas: 297-305
Archivo PDF: 426.90 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial, persistiendo hasta la adultez. A pesar de los hallazgos acerca del curso clínico de este trastorno, la información es escasa con respecto a los patrones de comorbilidad, funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo en la vida adulta entre aquellos con y sin TDAH en muestras latinoamericanas. Objetivo. Comparar el patrón de comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo de adultos con y sin TDAH de una muestra clínica. Método. Ciento cincuenta y un pacientes entre 20 y 45 años, quienes inicialmente presentaron un tamizaje positivo del ASRS-V1.1, fueron evaluados dentro de un programa de investigación clínica (PROMETEO) con los siguientes instrumentos: 1) la entrevista K-SADS-PL-Mx, 2) la entrevista MINI-Plus, la version de 18 items del ASRS-V1-1, y los cuestionarios autoaplicados BRIEF y SCQA-ADHD y 3) Revisión de cada caso por un clínico experto en el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados. El grupo de TDAH comparado con aquel sin TDAH presentó un mayor promedio de trastornos comórbidos (2.5 DE 1.1 vs 1.3 DE 1.0 respectivamente, F = .439; t = -6.621; gl = 149; p ‹ .001), mayor probabilidad de procrastinar (OR = 6.5; 95% IC[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0), y mayor probabilidad de presentar dificultades tanto en el índice de regulación de la conducta (OR = 104.9; 95% IC[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) como en el índice metacognitivo (OR = 94.79; 95% IC[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) independientemente del sexo. Discusión y conclusión. Nuestros resultados señalan que los adultos con TDAH presentan mayor comorbilidad y peor funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo que los adultos sin TDAH.


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