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2018, Número 6

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Cir Cir 2018; 86 (6)


Hidrocefalia congénita-neonatal: alternativas terapéuticas a la derivación. Una mirada a la terapia celular

Uparela-Reyes MJ, Narváez-Rojas AR, Quintana-Pájaro L, Ramos-Villegas Y, Moscote-Salazar LR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas: 575-582
Archivo PDF: 181.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La hidrocefalia de inicio fetal, perinatal y neonatal representa un gran reto terapéutico y a menudo cursa con un pronóstico neurológico pobre, debido a su etiología heterogénea, que incluye alteraciones del neurodesarrollo. Objetivo: Realizar una recopilación de los avances en terapia celular como propuesta que permite ampliar el espectro de tratamiento en la hidrocefalia congénita-neonatal. Desarrollo: Las intervenciones terapéuticas disponibles actualmente, como la derivación ventrículo-peritoneal y la tercera ventriculostomía, son insuficientes para resolver por completo la hidrocefalia y para prevenir o revertir los daños neurológicos asociados. Es por esto por lo que ha surgido la necesidad de crear nuevas alternativas terapéuticas a partir del conocimiento de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que participan en el desarrollo de esta condición. Particularmente, la terapia celular con células madre neuronales y células madre mesenquimales ha demostrado, en estudios con animales y en estudios preclínicos con humanos, ser eficiente y segura para prevenir la hidrocefalia originada a partir de la disrupción de la zona ventricular y secundaria a la hemorragia intraventricular, con la consiguiente prevención de las secuelas neurológicas sensoriomotoras y cognitivas. Conclusiones: Hasta el momento no tenemos un tratamiento eficiente que ofrezca calidad de vida a los pacientes con hidrocefalia, y que esa alternativa terapéutica sea efectiva.


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