2018, Número 6
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Ann Hepatol 2018; 17 (6)
An Argument for Vitamin D, A, and Zinc Monitoring in Cirrhosis
Koop AH, Mousa OY, Pham LE, Corral-Hurtado JE, Pungpapong S, Keaveny AP
Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 123
Paginas: 920-932
Archivo PDF: 186.21 Kb.
RESUMEN
Sin resumen.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Dick AA, Spitzer AL, Seifert CF, Deckert A, Carithers RL, Jr., Reyes JD, Perkins JD. Liver transplantation at the extremes of the body mass index. Liver Transpl 2009; 15: 968-77.
Stephenson GR, Moretti EW, El-Moalem H, Clavien PA, Tuttle- Newhall JE. Malnutrition in liver transplant patients: preoperative subjective global assessment is predictive of outcome after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 72: 666-70.
Thuluvath PJ. Morbid obesity and gross malnutrition are both poor predictors of outcomes after liver transplantation: what can we do about it? Liver Transpl 2009; 15: 838-41.
Cheung K, Lee SS, Raman M. Prevalence and mechanisms of malnutrition in patients with advanced liver disease, and nutrition management strategies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10: 117-25.
Chaney A, Heckman MG, Diehl NN, Meek S, Keaveny AP. Effectiveness and outcomes of current practice in treating vitamin D deficiency in patients listed for liver translpantation. Endocr Pract 2015; 21: 761-9.
Finkelmeier F, Kronenberger B, Zeuzem S, Piiper A, Waidmann O. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with infections and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0132119.
Pescovitz MD, Mehta PL, Jindal RM, Milgrom ML, Leapman SB, Filo RS. Zinc deficiency and its repletion following liver transplantation in humans. Clin Transpl 1996; 10: 256-60.
Putz-Bankuti C, Pilz S, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Pieber TR, Trauner M, Obermayer-Pietsch B, et al. Association of 25- hydroxyvitamin D levels with liver dysfunction and mortality in chronic liver disease. Liver Int 2012; 32: 845-51.
Sengupta S, Wroblewski K, Aronsohn A, Reau N, Reddy KG, Jensen D, Te H. Screening for zinc deficiency in patients with cirrhosis: when should we start? Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60: 3130-5.
Stokes CS, Krawczyk M, Reichel C, Lammert F, Grunhage F. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with mortality in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44: 176-83.
Venu M, Martin E, Saeian K, Gawrieh S. High prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D deficiency in patients evaluated for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2013; 19: 627-33.
Martin P, DiMartini A, Feng S, Brown R, Jr., Fallon M. Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Hepatology 2014; 59: 1144-65.
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 266-81.
Looker AC, Dawson-Hughes B, Calvo MS, Gunter EW, Sahyoun NR. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone 2002; 30: 771-7.
Arteh J, Narra S, Nair S. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 2624-8.
DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1689s-96s.
Iruzubieta P, Teran A, Crespo J, Fabrega E. Vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease. World J Hepatol 2014; 6: 901-15.
Arantes Ferreira Peres W, Villaca Chaves G, Saraiva Goncalves JC, Ramalho A, Moraes Coelho HS. Assessment of the relative dose-response test as indicators of hepatic vitamin A stores in various stages of chronic liver disease. Nutr Clin Pract 2013; 28: 95-100.
Fisher L, Fisher A. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in outpatients with noncholestatic chronic liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 513-20.
Malham M, Jorgensen SP, Ott P, Agnholt J, Vilstrup H, Borre M, Dahlerup JF. Vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis relates to liver dysfunction rather than aetiology. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 922-5.
Peres WA, Chaves GV, Goncalves JC, Ramalho A, Coelho HS. Vitamin A deficiency in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. Br J Nutr 2011; 106: 1724-31.
Shen YM, Wu JF, Hsu HY, Ni YH, Chang MH, Liu YW, Lai HS, et al. Oral absorbable fat-soluble vitamin formulation in pediatric patients with cholestasis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 55: 587-91.
Sitrin MD, Bengoa JM. Intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in chronic cholestatic liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46: 1011-5.
Hepner GW, Roginsky M, Moo HF. Abnormal vitamin D metabolism in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Dig Dis 1976; 21: 527-32.
Konstantakis C, Tselekouni P, Kalafateli M, Triantos C. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29: 297-306.
Agmon-Levin N, Kopilov R, Selmi C, Nussinovitch U, Sanchez-Castanon M, Lopez-Hoyos M, Amital H, et al. Vitamin D in primary biliary cirrhosis, a plausible marker of advanced disease. Immunol Res 2015; 61: 141-6.
Anty R, Canivet CM, Patouraux S, Ferrari-Panaia P, Saint- Paul MC, Huet PM, Lebeaupin C, et al. Severe vitamin D deficiency may be an additional cofactor for the occurrence of alcoholic steatohepatitis Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39: 1027-33.
Backstedt D, Pedersen M, Choi M, Seetharam A. 25-Vitamin D levels in chronic hepatitis C infection: association with cirrhosis and sustained virologic response. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30: 344-8.
Barchetta I, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Baroni MG, Pozzilli P, Morini S, Cavallo MG. Strong association between non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low 25(OH) vitamin D levels in an adult population with normal serum liver enzymes. BMC Med 2011; 9: 85.
Bitetto D, Fabris C, Falleti E, Fornasiere E, Fumolo E, Fontanini E, Cussigh A, et al. Vitamin D and the risk of acute allograft rejection following human liver transplantation. Liver Int 2010; 30: 417-44.
Dasarathy J, Periyalwar P, Allampati S, Bhinder V, Hawkins C, Brandt P, Khiyami A, et al. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased whole body fat mass and greater severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2014; 34: e118-27.
Efe C, Kav T, Aydin C, Cengiz M, Imga NN, Purnak T, Smyk DS, et al. Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with severe histological features and poor response to therapy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59: 3035-42.
Eliades M, Spyrou E, Agrawal N, Lazo M, Brancati FL, Potter JJ, Koteish AA, et al. Meta-analysis: vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38: 246-54.
El-Sherbiny M, Eldosoky M, El-Shafey M, Othman G, Elkattawy HA, Bedir T, Elsherbiny NM. Vitamin D nanoemulsion enhances hepatoprotective effect of conventional vitamin D in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 288: 65-75.
Fang F, Wang J, Pan J, Su GH, Xu LX, Li G. Relationship between vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor gene polymorphisms and primary biliary cirrhosis risk: a metaanalysis. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14: 981-8.
Farnik H, Bojunga J, Berger A, Allwinn R, Waidmann O, Kronenberger B, Keppler OT, et al. Low vitamin D serum concentration is associated with high levels of hepatitis B virus replication in chronically infected patients. Hepatology 2013; 58: 1270-6.
Finkelmeier F, Kronenberger B, Koberle V, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Trojan J, Piiper A, et al. Severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency identifies a poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma - a prospective cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39: 1204-12.
Ford ES, Ajani UA, McGuire LC, Liu S. Concentrations of serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1228-30.
Gal-Tanamy M, Bachmetov L, Ravid A, Koren R, Erman A, Tur-Kaspa R, Zemel R. Vitamin D: an innate antiviral agent suppressing hepatitis C virus in human hepatocytes. Hepatology 2011; 54: 1570-9.
Gentile I, Scarano F, Celotti A, E DEI, Scarano R, Granata V, Pinchera B, et al. Low vitamin D levels are associated with the presence of serum cryoglobulins in patients with chronic HCV infection. In Vivo 2015; 29: 399-404.
Gossard AA, Talwalkar JA. Cholestatic liver disease. Med Clin North Am 2014; 98: 73-85.
Guo GY, Shi YQ, Wang L, Ren X, Han ZY, Guo CC, Cui LN, et al. Serum vitamin D level is associated with disease severity and response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42: 221-30.
Hypponen E, Boucher BJ, Berry DJ, Power C. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, IGF-1, and metabolic syndrome at 45 years of age: a cross-sectional study in the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Diabetes. 2008; 57: 298-305.
Jorgensen RA, Lindor KD, Sartin JS, LaRusso NF, Wiesner RH. Serum lipid and fat-soluble vitamin levels in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995; 20: 215-9.
Kong J, Ding Y, Zhang C, Fu Y, Du J, Lu C, Dou X, et al. Severe vitamin D-deficiency and increased bone turnover in patients with hepatitis B from northeastern China. Endocr Res 2013; 38: 215-22.
Li YJ, Tang YW, Shi YQ, Han S, Wang JB, Zhou XM, Chen Y, et al. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and risk of primary biliary cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29: 706-15.
Luong KV, Nguyen LT. The role of vitamin D in primary biliary cirrhosis: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013: 602321.
Maggi P, Montinaro V, Leone A, Fasano M, Volpe A, Bellacosa C, Grattagliano V, et al. Bone and kidney toxicity induced by nucleotide analogues in patients affected by HBV-related chronic hepatitis: a longitudinal study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70: 1150-4.
Matsumura T, Kato T, Sugiyama N, Tasaka-Fujita M, Murayama A, Masaki T, Wakita T, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses hepatitis C virus production. Hepatology 2012; 56: 1231-9.
Savic Z, Vracaric V, Milic N, Niciforovic D, Damjanov D, Pellicano R, Medic-Stojanoska M, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a prospective study. Minerva Med 2018. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4806.18. 05723-3.
Targher G, Bertolini L, Scala L, Cigolini M, Zenari L, Falezza G, Arcaro G. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 17: 517-24.
Terrier B, Jehan F, Munteanu M, Geri G, Saadoun D, Sene D, Poynard T, et al. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels correlate with the presence of extra-hepatic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51: 2083-90.
Wong GL, Chan HL, Chan HY, Tse CH, Chim AM, Lo AO, Wong VW. Adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency on outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 783-90.e1.
Anty R, Tonohouan M, Ferrari-Panaia P, Piche T, Pariente A, Anstee QM, Gual P, et al. Low levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D are independently associated with the risk of bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2014; 5: e56.
Lange CM, Bojunga J, Ramos-Lopez E, von Wagner M, Hassler A, Vermehren J, Herrmann E, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and a CYP27B1-1260 promoter polymorphism are associated with chronic hepatitis C and poor response to interferonalfa based therapy. J Hepatol 2011; 54: 887-93.
Petta S, Camma C, Scazzone C, Tripodo C, Di Marco V, Bono A, Cabibi D, et al. Low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferon-based therapy in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2010; 51: 1158-67.
Silva M, Gomes S, Peixoto A, Torres-Ramalho P, Cardoso H, Azevedo R, Cunha C, et al. Nutrition in chronic liver disease. GE Port J Gastroenterol 2015; 22: 268-76.
Bouillon R, Norman AW, Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1980-1; author reply 1-2.
Costa Silva M, Erotides Silva T, de Alentar ML, Honorio Coelho MS, Wildner LM, Bazzo ML, Gonzalez-Chica DA, et al. Factors associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2015; 14: 99- 107.
Arvold DS, Odean MJ, Dornfeld MP, Regal RR, Arvold JG, Karwoski GC, Mast DJ, et al. Correlation of symptoms with vitamin D deficiency and symptom response to cholecalciferol treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Endocr Pract 2009; 15: 203-12.
Chapuy MC, Preziosi P, Maamer M, Arnaud S, Galan P, Hercberg S, Meunier PJ. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population. Osteoporos Int 1997; 7: 439-43.
Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Hale CA, Bendich A. Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D. J Am Coll Nutr 2003; 22: 142-6.
Jamil Z, Arif S, Khan A, Durrani AA, Yaqoob N. Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship with Child-Pugh Class in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6: 135-40.
Rode A, Fourlanos S, Nicoll A. Oral vitamin D replacement is effective in chronic liver disease. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2010; 34: 618-20.
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. 4th ed. Belmnot, CA: Thomas Wadsworth; 2005.
Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, Murad MH, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96: 1911-30.
Russell R, Beard JL, Cousins RJ, et al. Zinc. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, zinc: The National Academies Press; 2002, p. 442-501.
Scholmerich J, Becher MS, Kottgen E, Rauch N, Haussinger D, Lohle E, Vuilleumier JP, et al. The influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A metabolism in liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 1983; 30: 143-7.
Scholmerich J, Lohle E, Kottgen E, Gerok W. Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 1983;30:119-25.
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2009; 51: 237-67.
Lindor KD, Gershwin ME, Poupon R, Kaplan M, Bergasa NV, Heathcote EJ. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 291-308.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Bjelakovic M, Gluud C. Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11: CD011564.
Chapman R, Fevery J, Kalloo A, Nagorney DM, Boberg KM, Shneider B, Gores GJ. Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 2010; 51: 660-78.
Alshahrani F, Aljohani N. Vitamin D: deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity. Nutrients 2013; 5: 3605-16.
Bird JK, Murphy RA, Ciappio ED, McBurney MI. Risk of Deficiency in Multiple Concurrent Micronutrients in Children and Adults in the United States. Nutrients 2017; 9.
Atukorala TM, Herath CA, Ramachandran S. Zinc and vitamin A status of alcoholics in a medical unit in Sri Lanka. Alcohol Alcohol 1986; 21: 269-75.
Clugston RD, Blaner WS. The adverse effects of alcohol on vitamin A metabolism. Nutrients 2012; 4: 356-71.
Debray D, Kelly D, Houwen R, Strandvik B, Colombo C. Best practice guidance for the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease. J Cyst Fibros 2011;10 Suppl 2: S29-36.
Herlong HF, Russell RM, Maddrey WC. Vitamin A and zinc therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1981; 1: 348-51.
Moisseiev E, Cohen S, Dotan G. Alagille syndrome associated with xerophthalmia. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2013; 4: 311-5.
Morley JE, Russell RM, Reed A, Carney EA, Hershman JM. The interrelationship of thyroid hormones with vitamin A and zinc nutritional status in patients with chronic hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 1489-95.
Nyberg A, Berne B, Nordlinder H, Busch C, Eriksson U, Loof L, Vahlquist A. Impaired release of vitamin A from liver in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988;8:136-41.
Carney EA, Russell RM. Correlation of dark adaptation test results with serum vitamin A levels in diseased adults. J Nutr 1980; 110: 552-7.
Garrett-Laster M, Russell RM, Jacques PF. Impairment of taste and olfaction in patients with cirrhosis: the role of vitamin A. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1984; 38: 203-14.
de Pee S, Dary O. Biochemical indicators of vitamin A deficiency: serum retinol and serum retinol binding protein. J Nutr 2002; 132: 2895S-901S.
Mobarhan S, Russell RM, Underwood BA, Wallingford J, Mathieson RD, Al-Midani H. Evaluation of the relative dose response test for vitamin A nutriture in cirrhotics. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 2264-70.
Ukleja A, Scolapio JS, McConnell JP, Spivey JR, Dickson RC, Nguyen JH, O’Brien PC. Nutritional assessment of serum and hepatic vitamin A levels in patients with cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002; 26: 184-8.
Ouziel R, Trepo E, Cremer A, Moreno C, Degre D, Chaouni M, Vercruysse V, et al. Correction of all-trans retinoic acid deficiency in alcoholic cirrhosis lessens the excessive inflammatory monocyte response: a translational study. Liver Int 2014; 34: 343-52.
Ray MB, Mendenhall CL, French SW, Gartside PS. Serum vitamin A deficiency and increased intrahepatic expression of cytokeratin antigen in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1988; 8: 1019-26.
Aguilar RP, Genta S, Oliveros L, Anzulovich A, Gimenez MS, Sanchez SS. Vitamin A deficiency injures liver parenchyma and alters the expression of hepatic extracellular matrix. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29: 214-22.
Walt RP, Kemp CM, Lyness L, Bird AC, Sherlock S. Vitamin A treatment for night blindness in primary biliary cirrhosis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288: 1030-1.
Tsiaras WG, Weinstock MA. Factors influencing vitamin D status. Acta Derm Venereol 2011; 91: 115-24.
Cai SY, Mennone A, Soroka CJ, Boyer JL. All-trans-retinoic acid improves cholestasis in alpha-naphthylisothiocyanatetreated rats and Mdr2-/- mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349: 94-8.
He H, Mennone A, Boyer JL, Cai SY. Combination of retinoic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates liver injury in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic cells. Hepatology 2011; 53: 548-57.
Geubel AP, De Galocsy C, Alves N, Rahier J, Dive C. Liver damage caused by therapeutic vitamin A administration: estimate of dose-related toxicity in 41 cases. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 1701-9.
Bartholomay AF, Robin ED, Vallee RL, Wacker WE. Zinc metabolism in hepatic dysfunction. I. Serum zinc concentrations in Laennec’s cirrhosis and their validation by sequential analysis. N Engl J Med 1956; 255: 403-8.
Leoni G, Rosato A, Perozzi G, Murgia C. Zinc proteome interaction network as a model to identify nutrient-affected pathways in human pathologies. Genes Nutr 2014; 9: 436.
Maret W. Zinc and human disease. Met Ions Life Sci 2013; 13: 389-414.
Rink L, Haase H. Zinc homeostasis and immunity. Trends Immunol 2007; 28: 1-4.
Schliess F, Gorg B, Haussinger D. RNA oxidation and zinc in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24: 119-34.
Vallee BL, Wacker WE, Bartholomay AF, Hoch FL. Zinc metabolism in hepatic dysfunction, II: correction of metabolic patterns with biochemical findings. 257:1056-1065. N Engl J Med 1956; 257: 1055-65.
Caulfield LE, Black RE. Zinc Deficiency In: Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL (Eds.). Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004, p. 257-9.
Guilbert JJ. The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2003; 16: 230.
Cousins RJ. Theoretical and practical aspects of zinc uptake and absorption. Adv Exp Med Biol 1989; 249: 3-12.
Lee HH, Prasad AS, Brewer GJ, Owyang C. Zinc absorption in human small intestine. Am J Physiol 1989; 256: G87- G91.
Tuerk MJ, Fazel N. Zinc deficiency. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2009; 25: 136-43.
Lonnerdal B. Intestinal Absorption of Zinc. In: Mills CF, (ed.). Zinc in Human Biology. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1989, p. 33-56.
King JC, Shames DM, Woodhouse LR. Zinc homeostasis in humans. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1360S-6S.
Hanje AJ, Fortune B, Song M, Hill D, McClain C. The use of selected nutrition supplements and complementary and alternative medicine in liver disease. Nutr Clin Pract 2006; 21: 255-72.
Solis-Herruzo J, De Cuenca B, Munoz-Rivero MC. Intestinal zinc absorption in cirrhotic patients. Z Gastroenterol 1989; 27: 335-8.
Grungreiff K, Reinhold D, Wedemeyer H. The role of zinc in liver cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15: 7-16.
Ilchyshyn A, Mendelsohn S. Zinc deficiency due to alcoholic cirrhosis mimicking acrodermatitis enteropathica. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982; 284: 1676.
Mangray S, Zweit J, Puri P. Zinc deficiency in cirrhosis: micronutrient for thought? Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60: 2868-70.
McClain C, Vatsalya V, Cave M. Role of zinc in the development/ progression of alcoholic liver disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2017; 15: 285-95.
Roohani N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R, Schulin R. Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J Res Med Sci 2013; 18: 144-57.
Van der Rijt CC, Schalm SW, Schat H, Foeken K, De Jong G. Overt hepatic encephalopathy precipitated by zinc deficiency. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 1114-8.
Marchesini G, Bugianesi E, Ronchi M, Flamia R, Thomaseth K, Pacini G. Zinc supplementation improves glucose disposal in patients with cirrhosis. Metabolism 1998; 47: 792-8.
Reding P, Duchateau J, Bataille C. Oral zinc supplementation improves hepatic encephalopathy. Results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1984; 2: 493-5.
Takuma Y, Nouso K, Makino Y, Hayashi M, Takahashi H. Clinical trial: oral zinc in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1080-90.
Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51: 225-7.
Plum LM, Rink L, Haase H. The essential toxin: impact of zinc on human health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010; 7: 1342-65.
Maita K, Hirano M, Mitsumori K, Takahashi K, Shirasu Y. Subacute toxicity studies with zinc sulfate in mice and rats. Nippon Nôyaku Gakkaishi 1981; 6: 327-36.
Brown MA, Thom JV, Orth GL, Cova P, Juarez J. Food poisoning involving zinc contamination. Arch Environ Health 1964; 8: 657-60.