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2018, Número 4

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Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2018; 85 (4)


Preeclampsia de la gravedad al beneficio oncológico

Vargas-Hernández VM, Tovar-Rodríguez JM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 100
Paginas: 228-233
Archivo PDF: 202.31 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las enfermedades hipertensivas en el embarazo pueden estar asociadas con menor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama (CM) en comparación con primíparas normotensas. Las mujeres con hipertensión o preeclampsia en su primer embarazo tienen menor riesgo de CM (HR 0.83, IC de 95%: 0.77-0.90), principalmente si éste es a término/postérmino (HR 0.81, IC de 95%: 0.75-0.88) o que hayan tenido un recién nacido de peso promedio (HR 0.77; IC de 95%: 0.69; 0.85). Se desconoce si es a causa de los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo o rasgos biológicos subyacentes, pero se ha atribuido a la diferenciación de las células del tejido mamario inducidas por las hormonas del embarazo. Las mujeres con uno o más embarazos complicados con preeclampsia son 19% significativamente menos propensas a desarrollar CM (IRR = 0.81 [IC 95% 0.72-0.93]) con mayor reducción de riesgo en uno o más partos previos a término, principalmente si el recién nacido (RN) es varón. Conclusión: En la mayoría de las mujeres embarazadas que padecen preeclampsia, el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama se reduce de 20 a 30%, principalmente en postmenopáusicas.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Vargas-Hernández VM, Vargas-Aguilar VM, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Acosta-Altamirano G, Tovar Rodriguez, JM. Metabolic syndrome in breast cancer. Gland Surg 2013; 2(2): 80-90.

  2. Vargas HV, Ziad AH. Carcinogénesis. En: Vargas HV. Cáncer en la mujer. 1st ed. México: Alfil; 2011. pp. 59-76.

  3. Trogstad L, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C. Pre-eclampsia: risk factors and causal models. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25(3): 329-42.

  4. Nechuta S, Paneth N, Velie EM. Pregnancy characteristics and maternal breast cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21(7): 967-89.

  5. Pacheco NL, Andersen AM, Kamper-Jørgensen M. Preeclampsia and breast cancer: the influence of birth characteristics. Breast J 2015; 24(5): 613-7.

  6. Prebil LA, Ereman RR, Powell MJ, Jamshidian F, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd JA, First pregnancy events and future breast density: modification by age at first pregnancy and specific VEGF and IGF1R gene variants. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25(7): 859-68.

  7. Qiu L, Onoyama S, Low HP, Chang CI, Strohsnitter WC, Norwitz ER, et al. Effect of preeclampsia on umbilical cord blood stem cells in relation to breast cancer susceptibility in the offspring. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36: 94-8.

  8. Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM. Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15(1): 36-47.

  9. Britt K, Ashworth A, Smalley M. Pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2007; 14(4): 907-33.

  10. Vargas-Hernandez VM, Acosta-Altamirano G, Moreno Eutimio MA. La preeclampsia un problema de salud pública mundial. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol 2012; 77(6): 471-6.

  11. Vargas-Hernández VM, Vargas-Aguilar VM, Acosta-Altamirano G, Tovar-Rodríguez JM, MorenoEutimio MA. Manejo de la Preeclampsia. Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2012; 79(2): 93-102.

  12. Villar J, Carroli G, Wojdyla D, Abalos E, Giordano D, Ba’aqeel H, Farnot U, Bergsjo P, Bakketeig L, Lumbiganon P, Campodonico L, Al-Mazrou Y, Lindheimer M, Kramer M. Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194(4): 921-31.

  13. Polednak AP, Janerich DT. Characteristics of first pregnancy in relation to early breast cancer. A case-control study. J Reprod Med 1983; 28(5): 314-8.

  14. Thompson WD, Jacobson HI, Negrini B, Janerich DT. Hypertension, pregnancy, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81(20): 1571-4.

  15. Vatten LJ, Skjaerven R. Offspring sex and pregnancy outcome by length of gestation. Early Hum Dev 2004; 76(1): 47-54.

  16. Vatten LJ, Forman MR, Nilsen TI, Barrett JC, Romundstad PR. The negative association between pre-eclampsia and breast cancer risk may depend on the offspring’s gender. Br J Cancer 2007; 96(9): 1436-1438.

  17. Vatten LJ, Romundstad PR, Trichopoulos D, Skjaerven R. Pre-eclampsia in pregnancy and subsequent risk for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87(9): 971-3.

  18. Innes KE, Byers TE. First pregnancy characteristics and subsequent breast cancer risk among young women. Int J Cancer 2004; 112(2): 306-31.

  19. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, Deutsch L, Perrin MC, Talamini R, et al. Selected medical conditions and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1997; 75(11): 1699-703.

  20. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, Deutsch L, Perrin MC, Kleinhaus K, et al. Preeclampsia and subsequent risk of cancer: update from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200(1): 63.e1-5.

  21. Innes KE, Byers TE. Preeclampsia and breast cancer risk. Epidemiology 1999; 10(6): 722-32.

  22. Terry MB, Perrin M, Salafia CM, Zhang FF, Neugut AI, Teitelbaum SL, Britton J, Gammon MD. Preeclampsia, pregnancy-related hypertension, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165(9): 1007-14.

  23. Troisi R, Innes KE, Roberts JM, Hoover RN. Preeclampsia and maternal breast cancer risk by offspring gender: do elevated androgen concentrations play a role? Br J Cancer 2007; 97(5): 688-90.

  24. Baer HJ, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE, Willett WC. Body fatness at young ages and risk of breast cancer throughout life. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171(11): 1183-94.

  25. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283: 2008-12.

  26. Carbillon L. Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy and subsequent lower risk of breast cancer: the common immune and antiangiogenic profile Br J Cancer 2012; 107(11): 1915-6.

  27. Boij R, Svensson J, Nilsson-Ekdahl K, Sandholm K, Lindahl TL, Palonek E, et al. Biomarkers o coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis are independently associated with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68: 258-70.

  28. Palm M, Basu S, Larsson A, Wernroth L, Åkerud H, Axelsson O. A longitudinal study of plasma levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), placental growth factor (PlGF), sFlt1: PlGF ratio and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in normal pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011; 90: 1244-51.

  29. Kristensen VN, Vaske CJ, Ursini-Siegel J, Van Loo P, Nordgard SH, Sachidanandam R, et al. Integrated molecular profiles of invasive breast tumors and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) reveal differential vascular and interleukin signalling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 2802-7.

  30. Maae E, Olsen DA, Steffensen KD, Jakobsen EH, Brandslund I, Sørensen FB, et al. Prognostic impact of placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor A in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012; 133: 257-65.

  31. Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE, Robidoux A, Atkins JN, et al. Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 310-20.

  32. Nielsen DL, Andersson M, Andersen JL, Kamby C. Antiangiogenic therapy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12: 209.

  33. Opdahl S, Romundstad PR, Alsaker K, Vatten LJ. Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy and breast cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer 2012; 107: 176-82.

  34. Halhali A, Tovar AR, Torres N, Bourges H, Garabedian M, Larrea F. Preeclampsia is associated with low circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in maternal and umbilical cord compartments. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(5): 1828-33.

  35. Ingec M, Gursoy HG, Yildiz L, Kumtepe Y, Kadanali S. Serum levels of insulin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004; 84(3): 214-19.

  36. Altinkaynak K, Aksoy H Hü, Bakan E, Kumtepe Y. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in healthy pregnancies and patients with preeclampsia. Clin Biochem 2003; 36(3): 221-3.

  37. Davidson EJ, Riley SC, Roberts SA, Shearing CH, Groome NP, Martin CW. Maternal serum activin, inhibin, human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein as second trimester predictors of pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2003; 110(1): 46-52.

  38. Richardson BE, Hulka BS, Peck JL, Hughes CL, van den Berg BJ, Christianson RE, et al. Levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnant women and subsequent breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148(8): 719-27.

  39. Miller NR, Garry D, Cohen HW, Figueroa R. Serum androgen markers in preeclampsia. J Reprod Med 2003; 48(4): 225-9.

  40. Hübinette A, Lichtenstein P, Brismar K, Vatten L, Jacobsen G, Ekbom A, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factors in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82(11): 1004-9.

  41. Troisi R, Weiss HA, Hoover RN, Potischman N, Swanson CA, Brogan DR, et al. Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer. Epidemiology 1998; 9(6): 641-47.

  42. Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Christianson RE, van den Berg BJ, Siiteri PK. Placental characteristics and reduced risk of maternal breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93(15): 1133-40.

  43. Cnattingius S, Torrang A, Ekbom A, Granath F, Petersson G, Lambe M. Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer. JAMA 2005; 294(19): 2474-80.

  44. Ma H, Henderson KD, Sullivan-Halley J, Duan L, Marshall SF, Ursin G, et al. Pregnancy-related factors and the risk of breast carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the California Teachers Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12(3): 35.

  45. Mogren I, Stenlund H, Hogberg U. Long-term impact of reproductive factors on the risk of cervical, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2001; 40(7): 849-54.

  46. Friedenreich CM. Review of anthropometric factors and breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001; 10(1): 15-32.

  47. Tamimi R, Lagiou P, Vatten LJ, Mucci L, Trichopoulos D, Hellerstein S, et al. Pregnancy hormones, pre-eclampsia, and implications for breast cancer risk in the offspring. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12(7): 647-50.

  48. Bjorge T, Lukanova A, Jonsson H, Tretli S, Ulmer H, Manjer J, et al. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in the me-can (metabolic syndrome and cancer) project. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev A 2010; 19(7): 1737-45.

  49. Sohlberg S, Stephansson O, Cnattingius S, Wikström AK. Maternal body mass index, height, and risks of preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25(1): 120-5.

  50. Cole SR, Hernan MA. Fallibility in estimating direct effects. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31(1): 163-5.

  51. Vargas-Hernández VM, Vargas-Aguilar VM, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Acosta-Altamirano G, Tovar Rodriguez, JM. Metabolic syndrome in breast cancer. Gland Surg 2013; 2(2): 80-90.

  52. Vargas HV, Ziad AH. Carcinogénesis. En: Vargas HV. Cáncer en la mujer. 1st ed. México: Alfil; 2011. pp. 59-76.

  53. Trogstad L, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C. Pre-eclampsia: risk factors and causal models. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25(3): 329-42.

  54. Nechuta S, Paneth N, Velie EM. Pregnancy characteristics and maternal breast cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21(7): 967-89.

  55. Pacheco NL, Andersen AM, Kamper-Jørgensen M. Preeclampsia and breast cancer: the influence of birth characteristics. Breast J 2015; 24(5): 613-7.

  56. Prebil LA, Ereman RR, Powell MJ, Jamshidian F, Kerlikowske K, Shepherd JA, First pregnancy events and future breast density: modification by age at first pregnancy and specific VEGF and IGF1R gene variants. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25(7): 859-68.

  57. Qiu L, Onoyama S, Low HP, Chang CI, Strohsnitter WC, Norwitz ER, et al. Effect of preeclampsia on umbilical cord blood stem cells in relation to breast cancer susceptibility in the offspring. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36: 94-8.

  58. Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM. Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15(1): 36-47.

  59. Britt K, Ashworth A, Smalley M. Pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2007; 14(4): 907-33.

  60. Vargas-Hernandez VM, Acosta-Altamirano G, Moreno Eutimio MA. La preeclampsia un problema de salud pública mundial. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol 2012; 77(6): 471-6.

  61. Vargas-Hernández VM, Vargas-Aguilar VM, Acosta-Altamirano G, Tovar-Rodríguez JM, MorenoEutimio MA. Manejo de la Preeclampsia. Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2012; 79(2): 93-102.

  62. Villar J, Carroli G, Wojdyla D, Abalos E, Giordano D, Ba’aqeel H, Farnot U, Bergsjo P, Bakketeig L, Lumbiganon P, Campodonico L, Al-Mazrou Y, Lindheimer M, Kramer M. Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194(4): 921-31.

  63. Polednak AP, Janerich DT. Characteristics of first pregnancy in relation to early breast cancer. A case-control study. J Reprod Med 1983; 28(5): 314-8.

  64. Thompson WD, Jacobson HI, Negrini B, Janerich DT. Hypertension, pregnancy, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81(20): 1571-4.

  65. Vatten LJ, Skjaerven R. Offspring sex and pregnancy outcome by length of gestation. Early Hum Dev 2004; 76(1): 47-54.

  66. Vatten LJ, Forman MR, Nilsen TI, Barrett JC, Romundstad PR. The negative association between pre-eclampsia and breast cancer risk may depend on the offspring’s gender. Br J Cancer 2007; 96(9): 1436-1438.

  67. Vatten LJ, Romundstad PR, Trichopoulos D, Skjaerven R. Pre-eclampsia in pregnancy and subsequent risk for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87(9): 971-3.

  68. Innes KE, Byers TE. First pregnancy characteristics and subsequent breast cancer risk among young women. Int J Cancer 2004; 112(2): 306-31.

  69. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, Deutsch L, Perrin MC, Talamini R, et al. Selected medical conditions and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1997; 75(11): 1699-703.

  70. Calderon-Margalit R, Friedlander Y, Yanetz R, Deutsch L, Perrin MC, Kleinhaus K, et al. Preeclampsia and subsequent risk of cancer: update from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200(1): 63.e1-5.

  71. Innes KE, Byers TE. Preeclampsia and breast cancer risk. Epidemiology 1999; 10(6): 722-32.

  72. Terry MB, Perrin M, Salafia CM, Zhang FF, Neugut AI, Teitelbaum SL, Britton J, Gammon MD. Preeclampsia, pregnancy-related hypertension, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165(9): 1007-14.

  73. Troisi R, Innes KE, Roberts JM, Hoover RN. Preeclampsia and maternal breast cancer risk by offspring gender: do elevated androgen concentrations play a role? Br J Cancer 2007; 97(5): 688-90.

  74. Baer HJ, Tworoger SS, Hankinson SE, Willett WC. Body fatness at young ages and risk of breast cancer throughout life. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171(11): 1183-94.

  75. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283: 2008-12.

  76. Carbillon L. Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy and subsequent lower risk of breast cancer: the common immune and antiangiogenic profile Br J Cancer 2012; 107(11): 1915-6.

  77. Boij R, Svensson J, Nilsson-Ekdahl K, Sandholm K, Lindahl TL, Palonek E, et al. Biomarkers o coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis are independently associated with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68: 258-70.

  78. Palm M, Basu S, Larsson A, Wernroth L, Åkerud H, Axelsson O. A longitudinal study of plasma levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), placental growth factor (PlGF), sFlt1: PlGF ratio and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in normal pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011; 90: 1244-51.

  79. Kristensen VN, Vaske CJ, Ursini-Siegel J, Van Loo P, Nordgard SH, Sachidanandam R, et al. Integrated molecular profiles of invasive breast tumors and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) reveal differential vascular and interleukin signalling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 2802-7.

  80. Maae E, Olsen DA, Steffensen KD, Jakobsen EH, Brandslund I, Sørensen FB, et al. Prognostic impact of placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor A in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012; 133: 257-65.

  81. Bear HD, Tang G, Rastogi P, Geyer CE, Robidoux A, Atkins JN, et al. Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 310-20.

  82. Nielsen DL, Andersson M, Andersen JL, Kamby C. Antiangiogenic therapy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12: 209.

  83. Opdahl S, Romundstad PR, Alsaker K, Vatten LJ. Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy and breast cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer 2012; 107: 176-82.

  84. Halhali A, Tovar AR, Torres N, Bourges H, Garabedian M, Larrea F. Preeclampsia is associated with low circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in maternal and umbilical cord compartments. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(5): 1828-33.

  85. Ingec M, Gursoy HG, Yildiz L, Kumtepe Y, Kadanali S. Serum levels of insulin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004; 84(3): 214-19.

  86. Altinkaynak K, Aksoy H Hü, Bakan E, Kumtepe Y. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in healthy pregnancies and patients with preeclampsia. Clin Biochem 2003; 36(3): 221-3.

  87. Davidson EJ, Riley SC, Roberts SA, Shearing CH, Groome NP, Martin CW. Maternal serum activin, inhibin, human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein as second trimester predictors of pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2003; 110(1): 46-52.

  88. Richardson BE, Hulka BS, Peck JL, Hughes CL, van den Berg BJ, Christianson RE, et al. Levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnant women and subsequent breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 148(8): 719-27.

  89. Miller NR, Garry D, Cohen HW, Figueroa R. Serum androgen markers in preeclampsia. J Reprod Med 2003; 48(4): 225-9.

  90. Hübinette A, Lichtenstein P, Brismar K, Vatten L, Jacobsen G, Ekbom A, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factors in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003; 82(11): 1004-9.

  91. Troisi R, Weiss HA, Hoover RN, Potischman N, Swanson CA, Brogan DR, et al. Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer. Epidemiology 1998; 9(6): 641-47.

  92. Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Christianson RE, van den Berg BJ, Siiteri PK. Placental characteristics and reduced risk of maternal breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93(15): 1133-40.

  93. Cnattingius S, Torrang A, Ekbom A, Granath F, Petersson G, Lambe M. Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer. JAMA 2005; 294(19): 2474-80.

  94. Ma H, Henderson KD, Sullivan-Halley J, Duan L, Marshall SF, Ursin G, et al. Pregnancy-related factors and the risk of breast carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the California Teachers Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12(3): 35.

  95. Mogren I, Stenlund H, Hogberg U. Long-term impact of reproductive factors on the risk of cervical, endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2001; 40(7): 849-54.

  96. Friedenreich CM. Review of anthropometric factors and breast cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001; 10(1): 15-32.

  97. Tamimi R, Lagiou P, Vatten LJ, Mucci L, Trichopoulos D, Hellerstein S, et al. Pregnancy hormones, pre-eclampsia, and implications for breast cancer risk in the offspring. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12(7): 647-50.

  98. Bjorge T, Lukanova A, Jonsson H, Tretli S, Ulmer H, Manjer J, et al. Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in the me-can (metabolic syndrome and cancer) project. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev A 2010; 19(7): 1737-45.

  99. Sohlberg S, Stephansson O, Cnattingius S, Wikström AK. Maternal body mass index, height, and risks of preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25(1): 120-5.

  100. Cole SR, Hernan MA. Fallibility in estimating direct effects. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31(1): 163-5.




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