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2018, Número 3

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AbanicoVet 2018; 8 (3)


Revisión: El Ciclo Reproductivo de la Yegua

Cortés-Vidauri Z, Aréchiga-Flores C, Rincón-Delgado M, Rochín-Berumen F, López-Carlos M, Flores-Flores G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 130
Paginas: 14-41
Archivo PDF: 653.46 Kb.


RESUMEN

El ciclo estral, o intervalo interovulatorio en la yegua, permite monitorear y seleccionar el momento más adecuado para la cópula o la inseminación artificial (IA). El ciclo estral se debe a la interacción de hormonas de la glándula pineal, hipotálamo, hipófisis, gónada y endometrio, y dura 21 días. La glándula pineal segrega melatonina durante las horas de obscuridad. En primavera-verano, existe menor secreción de melatonina, y el hipotálamo secreta a la hormona liberadora de las gonadotropinas (GnRH) para inducir la secreción de gonadotropinas: (FSH, hormona folículo estimulante y LH, hormona luteinizante) en la adenohipófisis y estimular la función ovulatoria. La FSH promueve el crecimiento folicular y la LH, la maduración folicular y la ovulación. Ambas estimulan la producción de estradiol en los folículos ováricos. El estradiol causa las manifestaciones de estro. Después de la ovulación, se forma el cuerpo lúteo que produce progesterona (P4), para la gestación. La P4 bloquea al hipotálamo y reduce la secreción de GnRH, interrumpiendo el ciclo estral. El hipotálamo, produce oxitocina, que se almacena en neurohipófisis y actúa en endometrio, estimulando a la prostaglandina F2α, para que ejerza luteolisis, y el inicio de un nuevo ciclo estral. En otoño e invierno se interrumpe la actividad ovulatoria.


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