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2018, Número 2

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2018; 61 (2)


Estilo de vida, contaminación atmosférica y problemas que afectan la salud reproductiva en la mujer

Bizarro-Nevares P, Rojas-Lemus M, González-Villalva A, López-Valdez N, Albarrán-Alonso JC, Fortoul GTI

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 7-15
Archivo PDF: 303.05 Kb.


RESUMEN

A nivel mundial, la infertilidad en las parejas ha ido en aumento. Hay muchas causas implicadas en este problema, sin embargo, un factor que influye y que cada vez cobra mayor presencia e importancia es la contaminación atmosférica. Aunque tanto las mujeres como los hombres pueden presentar alteraciones que les impidan ser fértiles, en esta revisión se describen 2 factores que han demostrado afectar la salud reproductiva femenina: el estilo de vida y la contaminación ambiental.
Entre los factores de estilo de vida que afectan a la salud reproductiva en las mujeres se incluyen el tabaquismo, la obesidad, el estrés y el aplazamiento de la maternidad. Por el lado de la contaminación atmosférica, se ha demostrado que los plaguicidas organoclorinados, los derivados de combustibles fósiles, los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, los óxidos de azufre y de nitrógeno, los metales y las partículas suspendidas, generan efectos adversos sobre la capacidad de embarazarse. La evidencia epidemiológica y experimental es cada vez mayor, y demuestra que hay una relación consistente entre la presencia de estos factores y los problemas que tienen cada vez más parejas en el mundo para concebir un hijo.
Aunados al estilo de vida, en muchos países son frecuentes los problemas de contaminación que inciden en la infertilidad de la población. Esto hace fundamental crear conciencia. Aunque es cierto que las ciudades o zonas industrializadas es donde se observan estos problemas con mayor frecuencia, no son privativos ni se restringen a esos lugares, nos afectan a todos y, al menos en lo que concierne a la contaminación, todos podemos y debemos participar en la mejora de las condiciones de vida que van de la mano con nuestra salud reproductiva.


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