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2017, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2017; 40 (6)


Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review

Roncero C, Palma-Álvarez RF, Barrau V, Urbano N, Martínez-Luna N, Ortiz-Medina MB, Daigre C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas: 291-298
Archivo PDF: 190.61 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes. El cannabis es la droga ilegal más consumida en todo el mundo. Tanto el inicio de su consumo a una edad temprana como la cantidad consumida aumentan el riesgo de padecer enfermedades mentales en la vida adulta. Objetivo. Revisión narrativa de artículos longitudinales realizados en adolescentes donde se relacionaron el uso temprano de cannabis con la posterior aparición de alteraciones psicopatológicas. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos de PubMed hasta diciembre de 2016. Se priorizaron los estudios longitudinales en adolescentes que establecieron diferencias entre inicio temprano versus tardío de uso de cannabis. Para ello se utilizó la palabra cannabis en combinación con las principales enfermedades psiquiátricas. Además, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda manual de artículos que aparecían en las referencias. Resultados. Se encontraron 15 estudios longitudinales en adolescentes que relacionaban el uso de cannabis con alteraciones mentales; sólo cinco de ellos hacían una diferenciación clara entre inicio temprano versus tardío. Se encontró que hay una asociación entre el consumo de cannabis en edades tempranas con la presencia de alteraciones psicopatológicas, especialmente de trastornos psicóticos. En cuanto a los trastornos afectivos y el consumo temprano de cannabis, la asociación es algo más controvertida. Discusión y conclusión. El uso de cannabis en edades tempranas podría llevar a presentar posteriormente trastornos mentales, sobre todo psicosis. Identificar el consumo de drogas en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes es una estrategia que puede influir en el establecimiento de planes de prevención para evitar y/o disminuir el riesgo de desarrollo de patología mental.


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