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Publicación cuatrimestral editada por la Secretaría de Salud Jalisco

2017, Número 1

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Sal Jal 2017; 4 (1)


Influenza estacional y la baja efectividad de las vacunas contra estos virus

Vega-Sánchez JC, Bravo-Madrigal J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 57-69
Archivo PDF: 598.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

El virus de la influenza afecta mundialmente a millones de personas y es responsable de aproximadamente 500,000 muertes cada año. La principal alternativa de protección es la vacunación contra este virus, de tal manera que actualmente existen múltiples opciones de vacunas, las cuales son producidas de manera anual. Desafortunadamente este virus tiende a mutar constantemente, lo que ocasiona pérdida de eficacia en la protección. La recomendación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en el diseño de nuevas vacunas, ha sido la inclusión de cepas vacunales similares a los virus prevalentes en cada temporada de influenza. No obstante, la efectividad de estas vacunas no es ha sido la esperada. Este hecho ha llevado a cuestionar si otros métodos de producción de vacunas brindarían mayor protección contra este virus, ya que se ha encontrado que los virus producidos en huevo sufren cambios estructurales que los vuelven diferentes al virus original, por tal motivo la tendencia actual, es el uso de sustratos celulares para la producción de antígeno viral, con lo que se espera mayor efectividad, sin embargo y a pesar de estas estrategias aún debe tomarse en consideración la magnitud del efecto antigénico causado por el tipo de glicosilación inducido por el sustrato de producción. Esta revisión aborda el tipo de vacunas disponibles para prevenir la influenza, así como la influencia que tiene el sustrato de producción sobre la estructura antigénica de los virus producidos y su efecto fi nal en la capacidad de brindar protección.


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