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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2017, Número 6

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Med Int Mex 2017; 33 (6)


Tratamiento de la hipercalemia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica

Ruiz-Mejía R, Ortega-Olivares LM, Naranjo-Carmona CA, Suárez-Otero R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 84
Paginas: 778-796
Archivo PDF: 849.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

Debido a que la alteración electrolítica en la enfermedad renal crónica más importante es la hipercalemia, se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía respecto del tratamiento de la misma en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica. Se analizaron artículos seleccionados en PubMed Central, EBSCO, Medlineplus, SciELO bajo el título hiperkalemia, hyperkalemia management, hyperkalemia treatment e hiperkalemia aguda y crónica (causa, epidemiología, métodos diagnósticos y métodos de tratamientos clásicos y actuales). Se analizaron diversos artículos de revisión y artículos de tratamiento en etapa prediálisis y en terapia dialítica; se analizaron los artículos que definieron la hipercalemia como la elevación mayor a 5 mEq/L en suero y que consideraron causa la excesiva ingesta de potasio, el desplazamiento extracelular y la alteración en la eliminación de potasio en los riñones, incluidas las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio. Tambien se incluyó el análisis de artículos que asociaron la hipercalemia con la aparición de la insuficiencia renal, insuficiencia cardiaca y con la administración de medicamentos, incluidos los inhibidores del sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona, diuréticos ahorradores de potasio y antinflamatorios no esteroides. Las opciones de tratamiento de la hipercalemia en la enfermedad renal crónica continúan siendo limitadas a pesar del desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos, por lo que el objetivo del tratamiento en la hipercalemia aguda y crónica es revertir los efectos adversos principalmente en el corazón, desplazando el potasio a nivel intracelular, eliminando el potasio a nivel corporal, disminuyendo los síntomas y normalizando las concentraciones séricas del mismo.


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