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2017, Número 1

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Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatología 2017; 31 (1)


Actualización sobre prevención y tratamiento de la pérdida de sangre quirúrgica

Tabares NH, Díaz QJM, Tabares SH, Tabares SL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 92-109
Archivo PDF: 262.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

La pérdida de sangre quirúrgica es uno de los mayores retos que enfrentan los cirujanos actualmente. La demanda de cirugías de alta complejidad se ha incrementado por múltiples causas. Se realizó una revisión acerca de los principales factores que inciden en la pérdida de sangre en cada etapa de las intervenciones quirúrgicas, con énfasis en los procedimientos quirúrgicos ortopédicos. Se examinaron y evaluaron los fármacos hemostáticos existentes que contribuyen a prevenir dicha pérdida y evitan el riesgo de transfusión. Diversos factores como la anemia, la edad avanzada, la existencia de comorbilidades, el tiempo quirúrgico prolongado, el empleo en el posoperatorio de medicamentos con la finalidad de lograr anticoagulación, favorecen la pérdida sanguínea quirúrgica y elevan los índices de transfusión sanguínea. El empleo de agentes hemostáticos debe estar basado en el sentido clínico de la eficacia terapéutica que se espera, la seguridad frente a posibles complicaciones y los costos económicos de su administración.


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