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2017, Número 3

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Gac Med Mex 2017; 153 (3)


Infección perinatal por estreptococo del grupo B: panorama global, en América Latina y en México

Palacios-Saucedo GC, Hernández-Hernández TI, Rivera-Morales LG, Briones-Lara E, Caballero-Trejo A, Vázquez-Guillén JM, Amador-Patiño GI, García-Cabello R, Solórzano-Santos F, Rodríguez-Padilla C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 97
Paginas: 361-370
Archivo PDF: 151.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Streptococcus agalactiae o estreptococo del grupo B (EGB) causa infecciones en la mujer durante el embarazo y el puerperio, como infección de vías urinarias, corioamnionitis y endometritis, pudiendo en consecuencia afectar al recién nacido. El EGB es la causa más frecuente de infecciones graves en el recién nacido en los países desarrollados. Los estudios sobre la epidemiología y el comportamiento de las infecciones por EGB en América Latina siguen siendo limitados. En México se desconoce también esta información, aunque estudios realizados en el centro del país han encontrado porcentajes elevados de colonización vaginal en mujeres embarazadas, y existen reportes de casos y series de casos en recién nacidos. Los estudios microbiológicos y de epidemiología molecular en México han demostrado que las poblaciones de EGB tienen una distribución clonal y que existen clonas con características genéticas y fenotípicas de elevada virulencia, que parecen ser las causantes de la mayoría de los casos de enfermedad perinatal. No obstante, se desconoce cuál es el papel real del EGB en México. En consecuencia, la realización o no de la búsqueda intencionada de colonización en la mujer embarazada y la indicación o no de quimioprofilaxis intraparto para prevenir la infección neonatal por EGB en México son aún controversiales.


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