La cafeína y los antagonistas de los receptores A2A de la adenosina como posibles adyuvantes de la terapia anticolinérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson.

José L. Góngora-Alfaro; Rosa E. Moo-Puc; Jairo Villanueva Toledo; Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval; Fernando J. Álvarez-Cervera; Juan C. Pineda-Cortés; Francisco J. Heredia-López; José L. Bata-García

2005, Número 2

Rev Biomed 2005; 16 (2)

La cafeína y los antagonistas de los receptores A_2A de la adenosina como posibles adyuvantes de la terapia anticolinérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson.

Góngora-Alfaro JL, Moo-Puc RE, Villanueva TJ, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Álvarez-Cervera FJ, Pineda-Cortés JC, Heredia-López FJ, Bata-García JL

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Idioma: Español
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RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Parkinson ocupa el segundo lugar entre las enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso, que afligen con mayor frecuencia a las personas de edad avanzada. En México, la Secretaría de Salud ha incorporado a la enfermedad de Parkinson dentro del programa 2001-2006 de Acción en Salud Mental ya que representa una causa importante de incapacidad personal, laboral y social en la población mexicana. Una acción fundamental que se propone en este programa es mejorar la eficacia y calidad en la atención del enfermo, otorgándole el diagnóstico correspondiente y asegurando la posibilidad de medicamentos. Los modelos preclínicos, experimentales, son necesarios para identificar tratamientos farmacológicos eficaces, con baja incidencia de efectos adversos, capaces de restaurar la actividad motora de los pacientes, permitiendo su reintegración a las actividades cotidianas. Utilizando los modelos de catalepsia inducida con haloperidol y de acinesia inducida con reserpina, hemos encontrado que los efectos antiparkinsonianos del fármaco anticolinérgico trihexifenidilo se incrementan cuando se administra en combinación con dosis bajas de cafeína o de antagonistas selectivos de los receptores A_2A de adenosina. Aunque la cafeína es un antagonista no selectivo de los receptores A₁ y A_2A, su bajo costo y su relativa carencia de efectos adversos la convierten en un fármaco prometedor para ser usado como adyuvante de la terapia anticolinérgica, permitiendo reducir sus dosis y sus efectos adversos en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson.

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