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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2017, Número 06

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2017; 85 (06)


Diabetes gestacional: conceptos actuales

Vigil-De Gracia P, Olmedo J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 33
Paginas: 380-390
Archivo PDF: 424.41 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo: exponer los conceptos más actualizados de diabetes y embarazo.
Método: búsqueda en PubMed y Lilacs de artículos de revisión publicados en inglés o español entre los años 2001 y 2016 con los términos “diabetes mellitus”, “diabetes gestacional”, “diabetes y embarazo”.
Método:se encontraron 525 artículos. El consenso total de los principales temas de diabetes y embarazo se concentra en las últimas 27 revisiones y 7 guías clínicas, que son la base de esta revisión. La diabetes gestacional se asocia con mayor riesgo de preeclampsia, de posibilidad de cesárea, macrosomía, distocia de hombros y mortalidad perinatal. Está demostrado que el primer paso en el tratamiento de la diabetes es la dieta adecuada y luego la insulina o metformina. La gliburida no debe indicarse para el control de la diabetes gestacional.
Conclusiones: la diabetes gestacional sigue siendo una de las principales complicaciones obstétricas con alta tasa de morbilidad materna, neonatal y pediátrica. El tratamiento debe enfocarse a la dieta como primera medida y, de ser necesario, una estrategia farmacológica de metformina e insulina como únicas opciones.


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