2005, Número 3
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Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2005; 70 (3)
Estreñimiento: evaluación inicial y abordaje diagnóstico
Remes-Troche JM
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 312-322
Archivo PDF: 89.93 Kb.
RESUMEN
El estreñimiento es un síntoma gastrointestinal muy común y que afecta a cerca del 20% de la población general. Este síntoma puede ser el resultado de múltiples alteraciones que van desde una baja ingesta de fibra hasta alteraciones de la motilidad colónica. Los subtipos de estreñimiento incluyen: el estreñimiento con tránsito colónico lento, el estreñimiento funcional, el síndrome de intestino irritable con predominio de estreñimiento y la disfunción del piso pélvico. La detección de los diversos subtipos de estreñimiento tiene implicaciones terapéuticas. Las pruebas más útiles en la evaluación de estos pacientes son el tránsito colónico con marcadores radiopacos y la manometría anorrectal con la prueba de expulsión del balón. Los pacientes con estos dos estudios normales tienen estreñimiento funcional o síndrome de intestino irritable con predominio estreñimiento. Si los individuos tienen un tránsito colónico lento con manometría anorrectal normal pueden clasificarse como inercia colónica. La disfunción del piso pélvico debe de sospecharse si el paciente tiene una manometría anorrectal anormal y con falla para expulsar el balón. El tratamiento inicial para el estreñimiento debe de incluir fibra dietética y/o agentes formadores de bolo. Si el tratamiento inicial con fibra falla o es poco tolerado, está indicado el uso de laxantes osmóticos como la lactulosa o el polietilenglicol; o laxantes estimulantes como senna o bisacodil. Para los pacientes con disinergia del piso pélvico el tratamiento de elección inicial debe ser la terapia con biorretroalimentación. En este artículo se revisan de forma general las pruebas diagnósticas en el abordaje de los pacientes con estreñimiento.
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