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Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología

2005, Número 2

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Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2005; 70 (2)


Trasplante hepático en pacientes con hepatitis viral crónica

Moreno R, Berenguer M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 99
Paginas: 180-191
Archivo PDF: 71.87 Kb.


RESUMEN

En las dos últimas décadas se ha producido un avance notable en el manejo del paciente sometido a trasplante hepático por una hepatopatía viral crónica en fase terminal. Las mejoras en el tratamiento inmunosupresor y el perfeccionamiento de la técnica quirúrgica han propiciado excelentes resultados, tanto en la supervivencia como en la calidad de vida. Uno de los principales problemas que puede amenazar la supervivencia a largo plazo es la recurrencia de la enfermedad original. En ausencia de profilaxis, la recurrencia de la infección viral con la consiguiente hepatitis secundaria es un problema común en pacientes infectados por los virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) o C (VHC). A principio de los 80 los resultados del trasplante en pacientes con hepatitis crónica B fueron decepcionantes, por la recurrencia de la infección y fallo del injerto. Afortunadamente, la introducción de inmunoprofilaxis pasiva mediante inmunoglobulina anti-hepatitis B y el tratamiento con potentes análogos de nucleósidos han revolucionado esta indicación, siendo los resultados actuales excelentes. Por el contrario, en la actualidad aún no disponemos de medidas eficaces que prevengan la recurrencia de la infección por el VHC y la hepatitis secundaria. La cirrosis por VHC con o sin hepatocarcinoma (HCC) asociado representa 50% de los trasplantes en Estados Unidos y en Europa, y a pesar de la disminución de nuevos casos de hepatitis aguda, la prevalencia de hepatitis en fase avanzada está aumentando. Esta revisión resume los datos disponibles sobre la hepatitis B y C en el contexto del trasplante hepático y propone estrategias para mejorar el pronóstico en estas entidades.


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