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2017, Número 1

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Salud Mental 2017; 40 (1)


Factors associated with HIV transmission risk in people with a severe mental illness. A narrative review

Galarza-Tejada D, Caballero-Hoyos R, Ramos-Lira L

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 108
Paginas: 29-41
Archivo PDF: 441.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes. Las personas con trastornos mentales graves (TMG) constituyen un grupo de alta vulnerabilidad al riesgo de transmisión del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Asimismo, presentan una mayor seroprevalencia en comparación con la población en general y su esperanza de vida es más corta que la de personas sin TMS. La presente revisión narrativa describe los factores individuales e inherentes a las características de estas personas y los factores socioculturales que condicionan los comportamientos sexuales y las normas de prevención. Objetivo. Describir los factores individuales y socioculturales asociados con el riesgo de infección del VIH en personas con trastornos mentales graves. Método. Se seleccionaron 82 estudios empíricos publicados entre 1981 y 2015 sobre los factores asociados al riesgo de transmisión del VIH y dimensiones socioculturales relacionadas con la vulnerabilidad. Se utilizaron cuatro índices: ISI Web of Knowledge, Redalyc, SciELO y PUBMED; y cuatro bases de datos electrónicas multidisciplinarias: Ebscohost Web, ProQuest, Sage Publications y ScienceDirect. Resultados. Un análisis basado en la codificación y categorización sistemática muestra que las personas con TMG son más vulnerables al riesgo que la población general, con diferenciales basados en la gravedad sintomatológica de la enfermedad y en las características económicas y socioculturales que se asocian con prácticas de riesgo. Discusión y conclusión. Se propone desarrollar estudios con un diseño longitudinal y metodología mixta para alcanzar una comprensión más profunda de la interacción de factores asociados y procesos que condicionan el riesgo. Los programas preventivos estructurales realizados con este grupo de personas deben considerar las desigualdades sociales y la inequidad de género.


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