medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-2996 (Digital)
ISSN 0864-0289 (Impreso)

2016, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2016; 32 (4)


Helmintosis y autoinmunidad

Fonte GL, García MG, Baldriche AJ, Fong GA, Méndez SY

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 86
Paginas: 455-469
Archivo PDF: 182.18 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las evidencias epidemiológicas, clínicas e inmunológicas de estudios en humanos y los datos obtenidos de experimentos en modelos animales ofrecen un soporte creciente al criterio de que las infecciones por helmintos tienen un efecto protector contra entidades patológicas que transcurren con desregulación del sistema inmunitario, tales como enfermedades autoinmunes y algunas alteraciones inflamatorias idiopáticas. A partir de este precedente, el objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar y analizar lo publicado sobre helmintosis, regulación de las respuestas inmunitarias y eventos autoinmunes e inflamatorios. Los análisis realizados permiten concluir que la regulación de las respuestas inmunitarias del hospedero por los helmintos repercute en la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos autoinmunes e inflamatorios. En aras de una práctica médica de mejor calidad, las consecuencias clínicas y terapéuticas de esas repercusiones deben ser conocidas por los profesionales relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes y alteraciones inflamatorias idiopáticas.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Smits HH, YazdanbakhshM. Chronic helminth infections modulate allergen-specific immune responses: protection against development of allergic disorders? Ann Med. 2007;39:428-39.

  2. McKay DM. The therapeutic helminth? TrendsParasitol. 2009 Mar;25(3):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.008.

  3. Moreau E, Chauvin A. Immunity against helminths: interactions with the host and the intercurrentinfections. J Biomed Biotech. 2010;2010:428593.doi:10.1155/2010/428593.

  4. Bruschi F, Araujo MI, Harnett W, Pinelli E. Allergy and Parasites. J Parasitol Res. 2013;2013:502562. doi: 10.1155/2013/502562.

  5. McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 2012;25:585-608.

  6. Rujeni N, Taylor D, MutapiF.HumanSchistosome Infection and Allergic Sensitisation. J Parasitol Res. 2012;2012:154743. doi:10.1155/2012/154743.

  7. Salgame P, Yap GS, GauseWC. Effect of helminth-induced immunity on infections with microbial pathogens. Nature Immunol.2013;14:1118-26.

  8. Weinstock JV. The possible link between de-worming and the emergence of immunological disease. J Lab Clin Med. 2002;139:334-8.

  9. Weinstock JV. The worm returns. Nature. 2012 Nov;491(7423):183- 5.doi:10.1038/491183a.

  10. Fleming JO, Cook TD. Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis. Neurology. 2006 Dec;67(11):2085-6.

  11. Mutapi F, Imai N, Nausch N, Bourke CD, Rujeni N, Mitchell KM, et al. Schistosome infection intensity is inversely related to auto-reactive antibody levels. PLoS One 2011 May;6(5):e19149. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019149.

  12. Correale J, Farez M. Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:97-108.

  13. Correale J, Farez M, Razzitte G. Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells. Ann Neurol. 2008 Aug;64(2):187-99.doi: 10.1002/ana.21438.

  14. Pearson DJ, Taylor G. The influence of the nematode Syphaciaoblevata on adjuvant arthritis in the rat. Immunology.1975;29:391-6.

  15. Osada Y, Shimizu S, Kumagai T, Yamada S, Kanazawa T. Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces severity of collagen-induced arthritis via down-regulation of proinflammatory mediators. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39:457-64.

  16. Cooke A, Tonks P. Infection with Schistosoma mansoni prevents insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice. Parasite Immunol. 1999;21:169-76.

  17. La Flamme AC, Ruddenklau K, Backstrom BT. Schistosomiasis decreases central nervous system inflammation and alters the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Infect Immun. 2003 Sep;71(9):4996-5004.

  18. Sewell D. Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by helminth ova immunization. IntImmunol.2003;15:59-69.

  19. Huibregtse IL, van Lent AU, van Deventer SJ. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: insufficient suppressor function in the gut? Gut. 2007;56:584-92.

  20. Johnston MJ, Wang A, Catarino ME, Ball L, Phan VC, MacDonald JA, et al. Extracts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, suppress macrophage activation in vitro and alleviate chemically induced colitis in mice. Infect Immun. 2010 Mar;78(3):1364- 75. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01349-08.

  21. Hunter MM, Wang A, Parhar KS, Johnston MJ, Van Rooijen N, Beck PL, et al. In vitro-derived alternatively activated macrophages reduce colonic inflammation in mice. Gastroenterol.2010 Apr; 138(4):1395-405.doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.041.

  22. MishraPK, Palma M, Bleich D, Loke P, GauseWC. Systemic impact of intestinal helminth infections. Mucosal Immunol.2014;7:753-62.

  23. Flamme LA. The platinum age of parasitology: harnessing the power of the parasite. Parasite Immunol. 2015;37:275-6. doi: 10.1111/pim.12195.

  24. Fleming JO, Weinstock JV. Clinical trials of helminth therapy in autoimmune diseases: rationale and findings. Parasite Immunol.2015;6:277-92.doi: 10.1111/pim.12175.

  25. Shepherd C, Navarro S, Wangchuk P, Wilson D, Daly NL, Loukas A. Identifying the immunomodulatory component of helminths. Parasite Immunol.2015;6:293-303.

  26. Nutman T. Looking beyond the induction of Th2 responses to explain immunomodulation by helminths. Parasite Immunol. 2015;6:303- 13.doi:10.1111/pim.12194.

  27. Loke P, Lim YAL. Helminths and the microbiota: parts of the hygiene hypothesis. Parasite Immunol. 2015; 6:314-23.doi:10.1111/pim.12193.

  28. Ezenwa VO, Jolles AN. Epidemiology. Opposite effects of anthelmintic treatment on microbial infection at individual versus population scales. Science.2015 Jan; 347(6218):175-7.doi: 10.1126/science.1261714.

  29. Rook GA. Hygiene Hypothesis and autoimmune diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012 Feb;42(1):5-15. doi: 10.1007/s12016-011-8285-8.

  30. Elliott DE, Weinstock JV. Helminth-host immunological interactions: prevention and control of immune-mediated diseases. Ann NY AcadSci.2012;1247:83-96.

  31. Finlay CM, Walsh KP, Mills KH. Induction of regulatory cells by helminth parasites: Exploitation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Immunol Rev. 2014 May;259(1):206-30. doi: 10.1111/imr.12164.

  32. Girgis N, Gundra U, Loke P. Immune regulation during helminth Infections. PlosPathog.2013;9(4):e1003250. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003250.

  33. Blacwell AD, Tamayo M, Beheim B, Trumble B, Stieglitz J, Hooper P. Helminth infection, fecundity, and age of first pregnancy in women. Science.2015;350:970-2.

  34. Pallardo Fernández I. Enfermedades autoinmunes, tratamiento con Trichuris suis y otros helmintos. ArsPharm.2015;56(2):65-75.

  35. Saenz SA, Noti M, Artis D. Innate immune cell populations function as initiators and effectors in Th2 cytokine responses.Trends Immunol. 2010 Nov;31(11):407-13. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2010.09.001.

  36. Massacand JC, Stettler RC, Meier R, Humphreys NE, Grencis RK, Marsland BJ, et al. Helminth products bypass the need for TSLP in Th2 immune responses by directly modulating dendritic cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 18;106(33):13968-73. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906367106.

  37. Taylor BC, Zaph C, Troy AE, Du Y, Guild KJ, Comeau MR, et al. TSLP regulates intestinal immunity and inflammation in mouse models of helminth infection and colitis. J Exp Med. 2009 Mar 16;206(3):655-67. doi: 10.1084/jem.20081499

  38. Harris N. Advances in helminth immunology: optimism for future vaccine design? Trends Parasitol. 2011 Jul;27(7):288-93. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.03.010.

  39. Fallon PG, Ballantyne SJ, Mangan NE, Barlow JL, Dasvarma A, Hewett DR, et al. Identification of an interleukin (IL)-25-dependent cell population that provides IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 at the onset of helminth expulsion. J Exp Med. 2006 Apr;203:1105- 16.

  40. Moro K, Yamada T, Tanabe M, Takeuchi T, Ikawa T, Kawamoto H, et al. Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells. Nature. 2010 Jan;463(7280):540-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08636.

  41. Neill DR, Wong SH, Bellosi A, Flynn RJ, Daly M, Langford TK, et al. Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1367-70. doi: 10.1038/nature08900.

  42. Price AE, Liang HE, Sullivan BM, Reinhardt RL, Eisley CJ, Erle DJ, et al. Systemically dispersed innate IL-13-expressing cells in type 2 immunity. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A. 2010 Jun 22;107(25):11489-94. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003988107.

  43. Martinez F, Helming L, Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:451-83. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132532.

  44. Murray PJ, Wynn TA. Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11:723-37.

  45. White RR, Artavanis-Tsakonas K. How helminths use excretory secretory fractions to modulate dendritic cells. Virulence.2012;3:668-77.

  46. Everts B, Hussaarts L, Driessen NN, Meevissen MH, Schramm G, van der Ham AJ, et al. Schistosome-derived omega-1 drives Th2 polarization by suppressing protein synthesis following internalization by the mannose receptor. J Exp Med. 2012 Sep;209(10):1753-67.

  47. Al-Riyami L, Harnett W. Immunomodulatory properties of ES-62, a phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein secreted by Acanthocheilonemaviteae. EndocrMetab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2012;12(1):45-52.

  48. Klaver EJ, Kuijk LM, Laan LC, Kringel H, van Vliet SJ, Bouma G. Trichuris suisinduced modulation of human dendritic cell function is glycan-mediated. Int J Parasitol.2013;43:191-200.

  49. Carvalho L, Sun J, Kane C, Marshall F, Krawczyk C, Pearce EJ. Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: mechanisms underlying helminth modulation of dendritic cell function.Immunology. 2009 Jan;126(1):28-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03008.x.

  50. Everts B, Smits HH, Hokke CH, Yazdankbakhsh M. Sensing of helminth infections by dendritic cells via pattern recognition receptors and beyond: consequences for T helper 2 and regulatory T cell polarization. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40:1525-37.

  51. Steinfelder S, Andersen JF, Cannons JL, Feng CG, Joshi M, Dwyer D, et al. The major component in schistosome eggs responsible for conditioning dendritic cells for Th2 polarization is a T2 ribonuclease (omega-1). J Exp Med. 2009 Aug;206(8):1681- 90.doi: 10.1084/jem.20082462.

  52. El Kasmi KC, Qualls JE, Pesce JT, Smith AM, Thompson RW, Henao-Tamayo M, et al. Toll-like receptor-induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens. Nat Immunol. 2008 Dec;9(12):1399-406. doi: 10.1038/ni.1671.

  53. Cho I, Blaser MJ. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13:260-70.

  54. Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci.2012;13:701-12.

  55. Huttenhower C, Kostic AD, Xavier RJ. Inflammatory bowel disease as a model for translating the microbiome. Immunity.2014;40:843-54.

  56. Clemente JC, Ursell LK, Parfrey LW, Knight R. The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view. Cell.2012;148:1258-70.

  57. Devkota S, Chang EB. Nutrition, microbiomes, and intestinal inflammation. CurrOpinGastroenterol. 2013;29:603-7.

  58. Strober W. Impact of the gut microbiome on mucosal inflammation. Trends Immunol. 2013; 34(9):423-30.doi: 10.1016/j.it.2013.07.001.

  59. Brusca SB, Abramson SB, Scher JU. Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoidarthritis and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Rheumatol.2013;26:101-7.

  60. Tamboli CP, Neut C, Desreumaux P, Colombel JF. Dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2004;53:1-4.

  61. Trompette A, Gollwitzer ES, Yadava K, Sichelstiel AK, Sprenger N, Ngom-Bru C. Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nat Med.2014;20:159-66.

  62. Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X, Dikiy S, van der Veeken J, deRoos P, et al. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature. 2013;504:451-5.

  63. Smith PM, Howitt MR, Panikov N, Michaud M, Gallini CA, Bohlooly YM, et al. The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis. Science. 2013;341:569-73.

  64. Leung JM, Loke P. A role for IL-22 in the relationship between intestinal helminths, gut microbiota and mucosal immunity. Int J Parasitol.2013;43:253-7.

  65. Walk ST, Blum AM, Ewing SA, Weinstock JV, Young VB. Alteration of the murine gut microbiota during infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16:1841-9.

  66. De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010 Aug;107(33):14691- 6.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005963107.

  67. Broadhurst MJ, Leung JM, Kashyap V, McCune JM, Mahadevan U, McKerrow JH, et al. IL-22þ CD4þ T cells are associated with therapeutic trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Dec;2(60):60-88.doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001500.

  68. Sonnenberg GF, Fouser LA, Artis, D. Border patrol: regulation of immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis at barrier surfaces by IL-22. Nat Immunol. 2011 May;12:383-90.doi: 10.1038/ni.2025.

  69. Turner JE, Stockinger B, Helmby H. IL-22 mediates goblet cell hyperplasia and worm expulsion in intestinal helminth infection. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9: e1003698.doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003698.

  70. Wolk K, Witte E, Wallace E, Döcke WD, Kunz S, Asadullah K, et al. IL-22 regulates the expression of genes responsible for antimicrobial defense, cellular differentiation, and mobility in keratinocytes: a potential role in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol. 2006 May;36:1309-23.

  71. Liang SC, Tan XY, Luxenberg DP, Karim R, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Collins M, et al. Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides. J Exp Med. 2006 Oct;203(10):2271-9.

  72. Zenewicz LA, Flavell RA. Recent advances in IL-22 biology. IntImmunol.2011 Mar;23(3):159-63. doi:10.1093/intimm/dxr001.

  73. Zindl CL, Lai JF, Lee YK, Maynard CL, Harbour SN, Ouyang W, et al. IL-22- producing neutrophils contribute to antimicrobial defense and restitution of colonic epithelial integrity during colitis. ProcNatlAcadSci USA.2013 Jul; 110(31):12768- 73.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1300318110.

  74. Summers RW, Elliott DE, Qadir K, Urban JF Jr, Thompson R, Weinstock JV.Trichuris suis seems to be safe and possibly effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:2034-41.

  75. Summers RW, Elliott DE, Urban JFJr, Thompson R, Weinstock JV. Trichurissuis therapy in Crohn's disease. Gut.2005;54:87-90.

  76. Summers RW, Elliott DE, Urban JF, Thompson RA, Weinstock JV. Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterol.2005;128:825-32.

  77. Fleming J, Isaak A, Lee JE, Luzzio CC, Carrithers MD, Cook TD, et al. Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study. MultScler. 2011 Jun;17(6):743-54. doi: 10.1177/1352458511398054.

  78. Bager P,Kapel C, Roepstorff A, Thamsborg S, Arnved J, Rønborg S, et al. Symptoms after ingestion of pig whipworm Trichuris suis eggs in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e22346. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022346.

  79. Croese J, O'neil J, Masson J, Cooke S, Melrose W, Pritchard D, et al. A proof of concept study establishing Necatoramericanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors. Gut. 2006;55(1):136 -7.

  80. Blount D, Hooi D, Feary J, Venn A, Telford G, Brown A, et al. Immunologic profiles of persons recruited for a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hookworm infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Nov;81(5):911-6.doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09- 0237.

  81. Feary J, Venn A, Brown A, Hooi D, Falcone FH, Mortimer K, et al. Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study. ClinExp Allergy. 2009 Jul;39(7):1060-8.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03187.x.

  82. Bager P,Arnved J, Rønborg S, Wohlfahrt J, Poulsen LK, Westergaard T, et al. Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jan;125(1):123-30.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.006.

  83. Hepworth MR, Hamelmann E, Lucius R, Hartmann S. Looking into the future of Trichuris suis therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:767-8.

  84. Mortimer K, Brown A, Feary J, Jagger C, Lewis S, Antoniak M, et al. Dose-ranging study for trials of therapeutic infection with Necator americanus in humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:914-20.

  85. Robinson MW, Donnelly S, Hutchinson AT. A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides. PLoSPathog. 2011;7:e1002042.

  86. Robinson MW, Donnelly S, Dalton JP. Helminthdefence moleculesimmunomodulators designed by parasites!. Front Microbiol.2013;4:296.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com