Almanza MJJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 135
Paginas: 165-176
Archivo PDF: 452.10 Kb.

RESUMEN

Antecedentes. La comunicación de malas noticias tiene un impacto potencialmente negativo en el paciente, su familia y el equipo médico, a pesar de ello existen conocimiento y habilidades limitadas en el personal de profesionales de la salud para llevar a cabo dicha comunicación.
Objetivo. Efectuar una revisión sistemática actualizada de la literatura sobre malas noticias en la práctica médica y proponer una guía clínica práctica para la comunicación de malas noticias en la práctica clínica.
Método. Estudio transversal efectuado mediante la revisión sistemática actualizada de la evidencia. La fuente de datos fue una búsqueda efectuada en un trabajo previo (Almanza, 1998; 1999), misma que se actualizó en la base de datos Pub-Medline usando como descriptores las palabras “malas noticias” y “pacientes” (“bad news”, “patients”). Se clasificó la información según la categoría de la evidencia (Chalmers, Altman, 1995). El plan de análisis incluyó una descripción de variables porcentuales, así como la aplicación de metodología cualitativa para la integración de los hallazgos.
Resultados. La literatura sobre malas noticias y pacientes se distribuye en 44.3% para trabajos de investigación; 21.7% para la práctica médica; 13.9% en relación con la enseñanza; y 20% sobre temas misceláneos. A partir de ello se efectúo una aproximación conceptual y se determinaron los principales elementos vinculados a la comunicación de malas noticias elaborándose una Guía Clínica como propuesta.
Conclusiones. La literatura sobre comunicación de malas noticias es un área de práctica, educación e investigación de creciente interés en la actualidad. Se propone una guía con diez para la comunicación de malas noticias en la práctica médica. Es preciso dar continuidad a esta línea de investigación a fin de evaluar los resultados en la aplicación de dichos principios.

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