Vargas-Hernández VM, Ferrer-Arreola LP, Tovar-Rodríguez JM, Macías-Heredia MT

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 148-156
Archivo PDF: 203.78 Kb.

RESUMEN

La anticoncepción de emergencia es el método para prevenir un embarazo después de una relación sexual sin protección o cuando falla otro método de planificación familiar; como existe controversia en torno a las definiciones de embarazo y aborto provocado, utilizando la definición médica aceptada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, donde el embarazo se inicia con la implantación, la anticoncepción de emergencia no es equivalente a aborto; aunque problemas éticos, como la afirmación de que la vida humana se inicia después de la fecundación, y el uso de estas definiciones crean controversias, es vital para determinar el mecanismo exacto de la acción de la anticoncepción de emergencia. Está bien establecido que la anticoncepción de emergencia hormonal actúa a través de distintos mecanismos, pero el principal es la inhibición o retraso de la ovulación.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

1. McKay RJ, Gilbert L. Emergency contraception algorithm based on risk assessment. changes in clinicians' practice and patients' choices. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2013; 39(3): 201-6.

2. Daniels K, Jones J, Abma J. Use of emergency contraception among women aged 15-44: United States, 2006-2010. NCHS Data Brief No. 112. 2013.

3. Piaggio G, Kapp N, von Hertzen H. Effect on pregnancy rates of the delay in the administration of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a combined analysis of four WHO trials. Contraception 2011; 84(1): 35-9.

4. Trussell J, Guthrie KA. Talking straight about emergency contraception. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2007; 33(3): 139-42.

5. Gemzell-Danielsson K. Mechanism of action of emergency contraception. Contraception 2010; 82(5): 404-9.

6. Noé G, Croxatto HB, Salvatierra AM, Reyes V, Villarroel C, Muñoz C, et al. Contraceptive efficacy of emergency contraception with levonorgestrel given before or after ovulation. Contraception 2011; 84(5): 486-92.

7. Trussell J, Rodriguez G, Ellerson C. Updated estimates of the effectiveness of the Yuzpe regimen of emergency contraception. Contraception 1999; 59(3): 147-51.

8. Cleland K, Zhu H, Goldstruck N, Cheng L, Trussell J. The efficacy of intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: a systematic review of 35 years of experience. Hum Reprod 2012; 27(7): 1994-2000.

9. Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare Clinical Effectiveness Unit. Emergency Contraception. 2012. Disponible en: http://www.fsrh.org/pdfs/CEUguidanceEmergency Contraception11.pdf [Acceso: 8 de noviembre 2012].

10. Polis CB, Schaffer K, Blanchard K, Glasier A, Harper CC, Grimes DA. Advance provision of emergency contraception for pregnancy prevention: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110(6): 1379-88.

11. Westley E, Glasier A. Emergency contraception: Dispelling the myths and misperceptions. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88(4): 243-4.

12. Cheng L, Gülmezoglu AM, Piaggio G, Ezcurra E, Van Look PF. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 16(2): CD001324.

13. Glasier AF, Cameron ST, Fine PM, Logan SJ, Casale W, Van Horn J, et al. Ulipristal acetate versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a randomised non-inferiority trial and meta-analysis. Lancet 2010; 375(9417): 555-62.

14. Glasier A. Emergency contraception: clinical outcomes. Contraception 2013; 87(3): 309-13.

15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010. Adapted from the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 4th edition. Early release - May 28, 2010. Disponible en: http://www.cdc.gov/ mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr59e0528a1.htm (Acceso 08 de mayo de 2010).

16. Harper CC, Speidel JJ, Drey EA, Trussell J, Blum M, Darney PD. Copper intrauterine device for emergency contraception: clinical practice among contraceptive providers. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 119(2, Pt. 1): 220-6.

17. Schwarz EB, Kavanaugh M, Douglas E, Dubowitz T, Creinin MD. Interest in intrauterine contraception among seekers of emergency contraception and pregnancy testing. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113(4): 833-9.

18. Bastianelli C, Farris M. Emergency Contraception. Presently available formulations and controversies surrounding their Use. Expert Rev of Obstet Gynecol 2011; 6(5): 569-76.

19. Lader D. Opinions Survey Report No. 41. Contraception and Sexual Health, 2008/09. 2009. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ lifestyles/contraception-and-sexual-health/2008-09/2008- 09.pdf [Acceso 08 de noviembre de 2012].

20. Cheng L, Che Y, Gulmezoglu AM. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 15; 8: CD001324.

21. Croxatto HB. Mifepristone for luteal phase contraception. Contraception 2003; 68(6): 483-8.

22. Statistical Services Contraception 1997-2008 The NHS Information Centre KT31 Return. Table 6: Number of contacts for emergency contraceptives at NHS community contraception clinics, by type, 1997/98 to 2011/12. http:// data.gov.uk/dataset/nhs-contraceptive-services-england-2011- 12-community-contraceptive-clinics [Acceso 08 de noviembre de 2012].

23. Kao LC, Tulac S, Lobo S, Imani B, Yang JP, Germeyer A, et al. Global gene profiling in human endometrium during the window of implantation. Endocrinology 2002; 143(6): 2119-38.

24. WHO task force on post-ovulatory methods for fertility regulation. Randomized controlled trial of levonorgestrel versus the Yuzpe regimen of combined oral contraceptives for emergency contraception. Lancet 1998; 352: 428-33.

25. Croxatto HB, Devoto L, Durand M, Ezcurra E, Larrea F, Nagle C, et al. Mechanism of action of hormonal preparations used for emergency contraception: a review of the literature. Contraception 2001; 63(3): 111-21.

26. Croxatto HB, Brache V, Pavez M, Cochon L, Forcelledo ML, Alvarez F, et al. Pituitary-ovarian function following the standard levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive dose or a single 0.75-mg dose given on the days preceding ovulation. Contraception 2004; 70(6): 442-50.

27. Conard LA, Gold MA. Emergency contraceptive pills: a review of the recent literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2004; 16(5): 389-95.

28. Shrader SP, Hall LN, Ragucci KR, Rafie S. Updates in hormonal emergency contraception. Pharmacotherapy 2011; 31(9): 887-95.

29. Ngai SW, Fan S, Li S, Cheng L, Ding J, Jing X, et al. A randomized trial to compare 24 h versus 12 h double dose regimen of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception. Hum Reprod 2005; 20(1): 307-11.

30. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 112: Emergency contraception. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115(5): 1100-09.

31. Planned Parenthood. Morning-after pill (emergency contraception). Available from http://www.plannedparenthood. org/health-topics/emergency-contraception-morning-after-pill- 4363.asp. Acceso 16 de junio de 2011.

32. World Health Organization. Emergency contraception. Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs244/en/index.html. Acceso 30 de junio de 2011.

33. International Consortium for Emergency Contraception. Regimen update dosing and timing. Disponible en: http:// www.emergencycontraception.org/publications/PDFs/policy/ Dosage_Timing_English.pdf. Acceso 16 de junio de 2011.

34. Raymond EG, Trussell J, Polis CB. Population effect of increased access to emergency contraceptive pills: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 109(1): 181-8.

35. Brache V, Cochon L, Jesam C, Maldonado R, Salvatierra AM, Levy DP, et al. Immediate pre-ovulatory administration of 30 mg ulipristal acetate significantly delays follicular rupture. Hum Reprod 2010; 25(9): 2256-63.

36. Carlo Bastianelli, Farris M. Emergency contraception: Presently available formulations and controversies surrounding their use. Expert Rev of Obstet Gynecol 2011; 6(5): 569-76.

37. Shrader S, Rodden AM, Carroll L, Peterson LE. Knowledge and attitudes about emergency contraception among pharmacists and physician preceptors in South Carolina. Open Access J Contracept 2010; 1: 73-8.

38. Kelly PJ, Sable MR, Schwartz LR, Lisbon E, Hall MA. Physicians' intention to educate about emergency contraception. Fam Med 2008; 40(1): 40-5.

39. Nelson AL, Jaime CM. Accuracy of information given by Los Angeles County pharmacies about emergency contraceptives to sham-patient in need. Contraception 2009; 79(3): 206-10.