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2017, Número 1

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Investigación en Discapacidad 2017; 6 (1)


Aplicaciones terapéuticas de la estimulación cerebral no invasiva en neurorrehabilitación

Hernández-Gutiérrez MI, Carrillo-Mora P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 25-33
Archivo PDF: 191.44 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las técnicas de estimulación cerebral no invasiva (TECNI) son herramientas que actualmente se encuentran en gran desarrollo e investigación como una opción terapéutica novedosa en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido. Las dos técnicas más utilizadas son la estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr) y la estimulación transcraneal con corriente directa (ETCD), las cuales se basan en la aplicación externa de corriente eléctrica o magnética sobre el cráneo modulando (estimulando o inhibiendo) la actividad neuronal y cerebral. Las TECNI en conjunto con las terapias convencionales de neurorrehabilitación tienen la capacidad potencial de promover la recuperación motora, cognitiva, sensorial y funcional en pacientes con diversos padecimientos neurológicos con un excelente perfil de tolerancia y seguridad. En la actualidad existe evidencia de sus efectos positivos en diversas enfermedades como la enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC), enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), lesión medular (LM), daño cerebral traumático (DCT), parálisis cerebral (PC), trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión breve pero actualizada sobre los principios básicos de las TECNI más utilizadas, así como sobre las aplicaciones clínicas en las que han demostrado efectos positivos en el área de la neurorrehabilitación.


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